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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years.","UWF University Archives and West Florida History Center","Davis School","Nakomis School (Nakomis, Ala.)","Ernest Ward School (Walnut Hill, Fla.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M1981-24","/repositories/2/resources/362"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1980, Date acquired: 09/00/1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Davis School (Atmore, Ala.) Records, 1935-1980, Date acquired: 09/00/1981"],"collection_title_tesim":["Davis School (Atmore, Ala.) Records, 1935-1980, Date acquired: 09/00/1981"],"collection_ssim":["Davis School (Atmore, Ala.) 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Recent revisions in the U.S. Copyright Law extended the copyright of correspondence, letters, and other personal papers to the life of the author plus seventy years."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Ruth Godwin, Walnut Hill, Fla., September 1981"],"access_subjects_ssim":["School principals--Alabama--Atmore.","Schools--Alabama--Atmore.","Schools--Alabama--Nakomis.","Schools--Florida--Escambia County.","Schools--Florida--Walnut Hill.","Bus drivers--Alabama--Atmore.","Registers (lists)--Alabama--Atmore.","Reports--Alabama--Atmore."],"access_subjects_ssm":["School principals--Alabama--Atmore.","Schools--Alabama--Atmore.","Schools--Alabama--Nakomis.","Schools--Florida--Escambia County.","Schools--Florida--Walnut Hill.","Bus drivers--Alabama--Atmore.","Registers (lists)--Alabama--Atmore.","Reports--Alabama--Atmore."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["178.00 items"],"extent_tesim":["178.00 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Registers (lists)--Alabama--Atmore.","Reports--Alabama--Atmore."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers, dependent on our compliance with U.S. Copyright Law, HIPPA requirements, donor agreements and other applicable state and federal statutes.  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Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. "],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","_nest_parent_":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b_aspace_3b6f59389b944d002dbcafdf1ff7aec7","_root_":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:11:32.382Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b","title_ssm":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs"],"title_tesim":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs"],"ead_ssi":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b","unitdate_ssm":["1925-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["YNHSC.MS.292","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"text":["YNHSC.MS.292","/repositories/2/resources/1","Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992","Flies, Artificial","Fly fishing","Fly fishing (West U.S.) -- Pictorial works","Fly fishing -- Pictorial works","Fly tying","Drawings (visual works)","Photographs","Some of the colored photographs are beginning to fade.","Biography Jedediah Horcrux Congreave was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island on December 25, 1915.\n        He died in Portland, Maine on April 18, 1999. Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. ","Content Description Correspondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. ","Separated Materials The collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. ","Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. ","Lyrasis Special Collections","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990","English"],"unitid_tesim":["YNHSC.MS.292","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"creator_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"creators_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Flies, Artificial","Fly fishing","Fly fishing (West U.S.) -- Pictorial works","Fly fishing -- Pictorial works","Fly tying","Drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Flies, Artificial","Fly fishing","Fly fishing (West U.S.) -- Pictorial works","Fly fishing -- Pictorial works","Fly tying","Drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Some of the colored photographs are beginning to fade."],"extent_ssm":["1 Electronic file","1 Box","1 Linear Feet 1 record cartons"],"extent_tesim":["1 Electronic file","1 Box","1 Linear Feet 1 record cartons"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eBiography\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eJedediah Horcrux Congreave was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island on December 25, 1915.\n        He died in Portland, Maine on April 18, 1999. Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography Jedediah Horcrux Congreave was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island on December 25, 1915.\n        He died in Portland, Maine on April 18, 1999. Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eCitation\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e[Title / description, Box / Folder]. Jedediah Horcrux Congreave Fly Fishing Correspondence\n        and Photographs, 1925-1992. MS 292. Your Name Here Special Collections, Carpe Diem\n        University, City on a Hill, MA. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Citation [Title / description, Box / Folder]. Jedediah Horcrux Congreave Fly Fishing Correspondence\n        and Photographs, 1925-1992. MS 292. Your Name Here Special Collections, Carpe Diem\n        University, City on a Hill, MA. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eContent Description\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Description Correspondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eSeparated Materials\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated Materials The collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRights\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCopyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. "],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990"],"persname_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. 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Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","See also Technical Access note below. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 53","case 5"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubject: \nWilliams Building construction\nLove Building - Weather Service Building construction\ncampus construction\nNotes: \nb-roll of construction\nLocation: \nCampus\nType: \nB-roll\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Subject: \nWilliams Building construction\nLove Building - Weather Service Building construction\ncampus construction\nNotes: \nb-roll of construction\nLocation: \nCampus\nType: \nB-roll"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#368","_nest_parent_":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc_aspace_b795b38e194b2303dbec0cde11bb3a9d","_root_":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","timestamp":"2026-04-15T05:45:08.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","title_ssm":["University Communications Collection"],"title_tesim":["University Communications Collection"],"ead_ssi":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","unitdate_ssm":["1940-2013","1990-2013"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HUA 2016-009","/repositories/10/resources/1899"],"text":["HUA 2016-009","/repositories/10/resources/1899","University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013","Contents of this collection are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","See also Technical Access note below. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","The Office of University Communications supports Florida State University by maximizing awareness and appreciation for the university's mission and impact while highlighting its distinctiveness and advancing the university's reputation.","Date accessioned: 2016/07/22","Content of audiovisual media may not be immediately accessible to researchers. For more information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu.","HUA 2016-098","This collection contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications at Florida State University. The vertical files include press releases, news clippings, promotional material, correspondence, and more. The audiovisual media consists of 2290 Beta tapes, 880 DVCPRO tapes, 765 DVDs, 461 Mini DV tapes, 24 VHS tapes, 26 CD-Rs and 25 items of other formats covering topics such as athletics, research at FSU, student affairs, anniversaries and homecoming celebrations, FSU in the media and more.","Select materials from this collection have been digitized, or are born-digital materials, and are available online through the  FSU Digital Library","Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.","Contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications. Most of the material was produced between 1995 and 2013.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["HUA 2016-009","/repositories/10/resources/1899"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"collection_ssim":["University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["76 boxes","76 Linear Feet","2254 Cassettes","881 Cassettes","765 items","462 Cassettes","40 Cassettes","28 items","24 Cassettes","5 Cassettes","2 Cassettes","2 items","2 items","1 Cassettes","1 items","75 boxes","75 Linear Feet","151 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["76 boxes","76 Linear Feet","2254 Cassettes","881 Cassettes","765 items","462 Cassettes","40 Cassettes","28 items","24 Cassettes","5 Cassettes","2 Cassettes","2 items","2 items","1 Cassettes","1 items","75 boxes","75 Linear Feet","151 boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["76 boxes of audiovisual material","76 linear feet of audiovisual material","Betacam","DVCPRO","DVD","Mini DV","U-Matic 3/4","CD-R","VHS","DVCPRO L","DVCAM","Mini DVD","MiniDisc","Audio Cassette","Box of slides","75 boxes of subject files","75 linear feet of subject files"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContents of this collection are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also Technical Access note below. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Contents of this collection are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","See also Technical Access note below. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of University Communications supports Florida State University by maximizing awareness and appreciation for the university's mission and impact while highlighting its distinctiveness and advancing the university's reputation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of University Communications supports Florida State University by maximizing awareness and appreciation for the university's mission and impact while highlighting its distinctiveness and advancing the university's reputation."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDate accessioned: 2016/07/22\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Date accessioned: 2016/07/22"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent of audiovisual media may not be immediately accessible to researchers. For more information, please contact Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Access"],"phystech_tesim":["Content of audiovisual media may not be immediately accessible to researchers. For more information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity Communications Collection, HUA 2016-098, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/HPUA-2016-009\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["University Communications Collection, HUA 2016-098, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/HPUA-2016-009"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHUA 2016-098\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["HUA 2016-098"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications at Florida State University. The vertical files include press releases, news clippings, promotional material, correspondence, and more. The audiovisual media consists of 2290 Beta tapes, 880 DVCPRO tapes, 765 DVDs, 461 Mini DV tapes, 24 VHS tapes, 26 CD-Rs and 25 items of other formats covering topics such as athletics, research at FSU, student affairs, anniversaries and homecoming celebrations, FSU in the media and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from this collection have been digitized, or are born-digital materials, and are available online through the \u003cextref href=\"https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:huauniversitycommunications\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications at Florida State University. The vertical files include press releases, news clippings, promotional material, correspondence, and more. The audiovisual media consists of 2290 Beta tapes, 880 DVCPRO tapes, 765 DVDs, 461 Mini DV tapes, 24 VHS tapes, 26 CD-Rs and 25 items of other formats covering topics such as athletics, research at FSU, student affairs, anniversaries and homecoming celebrations, FSU in the media and more.","Select materials from this collection have been digitized, or are born-digital materials, and are available online through the  FSU Digital Library"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5721fca542b589212104877ea6eef86a\"\u003eContains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications. Most of the material was produced between 1995 and 2013.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications. Most of the material was produced between 1995 and 2013."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8131,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","timestamp":"2026-04-15T05:45:08.932Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc_aspace_6aace04cde2930725ca1e38f6d3e5693"}},{"id":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5","type":"Undefined","attributes":{"title":"1948, August - December, .","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5","ref_ssm":["aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5","aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5"],"id":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5","title_filing_ssi":"1948, August - December, .","title_ssm":["1948, August - December, ."],"title_tesim":["1948, August - December, ."],"normalized_title_ssm":["1948, August - December, ."],"text":["1948, August - December, .","Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994","MEDICAL ISSUES","Correspondence","/repositories/2/archival_objects/2685","Box 31","Folder 12"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c01-1-8-6-2-4","8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c02-1-8-6-2-4-2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994","MEDICAL ISSUES","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994","MEDICAL ISSUES","Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/2685"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Undefined"],"level_ssim":["Undefined"],"sort_isi":319,"containers_ssim":["Box 31","Folder 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#3","_nest_parent_":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c02-1-8-6-2-4-2","_root_":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:50.878Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","title_ssm":["Ben Yellen Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers"],"ead_ssi":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","unitdate_ssm":["1945-1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 0193","/repositories/2/resources/7"],"text":["MSS 0193","/repositories/2/resources/7","Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994","Ben Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.","At the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. ","Although Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. ","In addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.","During the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.","In 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.","Yellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. ","Papers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","The Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. ","Ben Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.","Because of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.","The collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","SERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. ","The \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.","As the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.","SERIES 2: FARM WORKERS","The FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.","Around 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.","The \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. ","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.","SERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES","The WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. ","The \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).","The second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).","The third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.","Yellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. ","The fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. ","SERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES","The fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. ","The first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.","In December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.","SERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.","Accession Processed in 1997. The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image. The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO.  The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically. The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order. WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order. The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically. The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order. Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact. The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.","The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. ","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.","The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.","WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.","The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.","Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.","The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","For current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","Lyrasis Special Collections","These materials are written in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 0193","/repositories/2/resources/7"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.40 Electronic file","14.40 linear feet (37 archives boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["14.40 Electronic file","14.40 linear feet (37 archives boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["BIOGRAPHY"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ben Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.","At the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. ","Although Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. ","In addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.","During the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.","In 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.","Yellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["ABSTRACT"],"odd_tesim":["Papers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen Papers, MSS 0193. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, MSS 0193. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 2: FARM WORKERS\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eAccession Processed in 1997.\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. \u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eWATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["SCOPE AND CONTENT","Accession Processed in 1997."],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. ","Ben Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.","Because of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.","The collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","SERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. ","The \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.","As the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.","SERIES 2: FARM WORKERS","The FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.","Around 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.","The \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. ","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.","SERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES","The WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. ","The \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).","The second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).","The third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.","Yellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. ","The fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. ","SERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES","The fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. ","The first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.","In December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.","SERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.","Accession Processed in 1997. The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image. The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO.  The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically. The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order. WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order. The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically. The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order. Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact. The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.","The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. ","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.","The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.","WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.","The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.","Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.","The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4daaeb965e441c44361e6101b0c557d4\"\u003eFor current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["These materials are written in  English"],"total_component_count_is":475,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:50.878Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-5"}},{"id":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107772","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1948 Books: University of Alabama Press, 1948","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107772#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_107772","ref_ssm":["aspace_107772","aspace_107772"],"id":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107772","title_filing_ssi":"1948 Books: University of Alabama Press","title_ssm":["1948 Books: University of Alabama Press"],"title_tesim":["1948 Books: University of Alabama Press"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1948"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1948 Books: University of Alabama Press, 1948"],"text":["1948 Books: University of Alabama Press, 1948","Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970","Biographical Material, 1925-1970","Book Reviews, 1947-1950","Item 1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/60196"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3","a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107487","a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107770"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970","Biographical Material, 1925-1970","Book Reviews, 1947-1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970","Biographical Material, 1925-1970","Book Reviews, 1947-1950"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/60196"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":275,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9/components#0","_nest_parent_":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107770","_root_":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3","timestamp":"2026-04-15T10:23:46.756Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3","title_ssm":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers"],"title_tesim":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers"],"ead_ssi":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3","unitdate_ssm":["1822-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1822-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 79-7","/repositories/10/resources/582"],"text":["MSS 79-7","/repositories/10/resources/582","Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970","Leon County (Fla.)","Mamatey, Victor--Correspondence.","Younger, Ed--Correspondence.","Fowlkes, Samuel H.--Correspondence.","Fuller, Hubert Bruce, 1880-1957--Correspondence.","Scott, Foresman and Company--Correspondence.","Florida. Civil War Centennial Commission","State University System of Florida. Faculty Senate Council--Correspondence.","Publishers and publishing--Correspondence.","Performing arts--Florida.","Social sciences--Florida.","Agriculture--History","Agricultural exhibitions--Alabama","Traditional medicine--Southern States.","Gold mines and mining--North Carolina.","Herbs.","Blacks--United States","Cotton","Guano--Southern States.","Plantations--Southern States","Territorial Florida, 1821-1845","Antebellum Florida, 1845-1861","Civil War in Florida, 1861-1865","Economics and Society: Post-Civil War Florida, 1865-1913","World War I, 1914-1918--Florida","The Florida Boom and Bust, 1919-1929","Depression and the New Deal Years in Florida, 1930-1941","The Post War Florida, 1945-1960","Contemporary Florida, 1960-","Alabama--Social life and customs","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs","Formulas, recipes, etc.","Manuscripts","This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Historian, professor. Dr. Weymouth Tyree Jordan joined the faculty of Florida State University in 1949 and served until his death in 1968. He was acting head of the Department of History from 1954-1955 and head of the department until 1964.","Processed September, 1979.","This collection contains a wide variety of materials related to Weymouth Tyree Jordan, his life and his career. Included in these materials are biographical materials, personal papers, family history, employment records, early report cards, school transcripts, retirement papers, personal papers of the United States Navy and Naval Reserve, memorial articles and letters, book reviews of his, Hugh Davis and his Alabama plantation, correspondence with publishers, awards, diplomas and photographs of Mr. Jordan. The correspondence files contain letters from 1949 to 1968, including letters from Victor Mamatey, and Scott, Foresman and Company. There are a large number of papers from the Florida State University Department of History, including correspondence from the Florida Civil War Centennial Commission and the Faculty Senate, and papers about the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities, performing arts, social sciences, the Southern Historical Association, correspondence with Ed Younger, and materials about the history of agriculture. There are materials about the graduate programs including lists of candidates, dissertations on Florida subjects, and exams. The collection also includes writings of Mr. Jordan on topics such as the agricultural state fair in Alabama, cotton planters, Alabama household practices, folk medicine in the old south, gold mining in North Carolina, herbs, Black people in Tennessee during the Reconstruction, Noah B. Cloud, Peruvian guano in the old south, plantation medicine, political impact of the Civil War on the old south, George Washington Campbell, the medieval mind, southern farming, and United States history. There are also research materials for his writings, including correspondence of people such as Samuel H. Fowlkes and Hubert B. Fuller, maps of Alabama, newspapers and photographs of the Civil War and the Florida State Capitol Building in Tallahassee. There are also two books in the collection:  A dictionary of practical surgery  by Samuel Cooper; and  The Alabama justice of the peace , by Henry Hitchcock.","All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","This collection contains a wide variety of materials realted to Weymouth Tyree Jordan, his life and his career. Includes biographical materials, correspondence, articles, photographs, writings, research materials, announcements, books, and related materials.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Navy","National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.","Southern Historical Association","Florida State Capitol (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State University. Department of History","Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-","Campbell, George W. (George Washington), 1794-1869.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 79-7","/repositories/10/resources/582"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1822-1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970"],"collection_ssim":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, 1822-1970"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Leon County (Fla.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Leon County (Fla.)"],"creator_ssm":["Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-"],"creator_ssim":["Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-"],"creators_ssim":["Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-"],"places_ssim":["Leon County (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Mrs. W. T. Jordan (Louise)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mamatey, Victor--Correspondence.","Younger, Ed--Correspondence.","Fowlkes, Samuel H.--Correspondence.","Fuller, Hubert Bruce, 1880-1957--Correspondence.","Scott, Foresman and Company--Correspondence.","Florida. Civil War Centennial Commission","State University System of Florida. Faculty Senate Council--Correspondence.","Publishers and publishing--Correspondence.","Performing arts--Florida.","Social sciences--Florida.","Agriculture--History","Agricultural exhibitions--Alabama","Traditional medicine--Southern States.","Gold mines and mining--North Carolina.","Herbs.","Blacks--United States","Cotton","Guano--Southern States.","Plantations--Southern States","Territorial Florida, 1821-1845","Antebellum Florida, 1845-1861","Civil War in Florida, 1861-1865","Economics and Society: Post-Civil War Florida, 1865-1913","World War I, 1914-1918--Florida","The Florida Boom and Bust, 1919-1929","Depression and the New Deal Years in Florida, 1930-1941","The Post War Florida, 1945-1960","Contemporary Florida, 1960-","Alabama--Social life and customs","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs","Formulas, recipes, etc.","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mamatey, Victor--Correspondence.","Younger, Ed--Correspondence.","Fowlkes, Samuel H.--Correspondence.","Fuller, Hubert Bruce, 1880-1957--Correspondence.","Scott, Foresman and Company--Correspondence.","Florida. Civil War Centennial Commission","State University System of Florida. Faculty Senate Council--Correspondence.","Publishers and publishing--Correspondence.","Performing arts--Florida.","Social sciences--Florida.","Agriculture--History","Agricultural exhibitions--Alabama","Traditional medicine--Southern States.","Gold mines and mining--North Carolina.","Herbs.","Blacks--United States","Cotton","Guano--Southern States.","Plantations--Southern States","Territorial Florida, 1821-1845","Antebellum Florida, 1845-1861","Civil War in Florida, 1861-1865","Economics and Society: Post-Civil War Florida, 1865-1913","World War I, 1914-1918--Florida","The Florida Boom and Bust, 1919-1929","Depression and the New Deal Years in Florida, 1930-1941","The Post War Florida, 1945-1960","Contemporary Florida, 1960-","Alabama--Social life and customs","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs","Formulas, recipes, etc.","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.00 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.00 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistorian, professor. Dr. Weymouth Tyree Jordan joined the faculty of Florida State University in 1949 and served until his death in 1968. He was acting head of the Department of History from 1954-1955 and head of the department until 1964.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Historian, professor. Dr. Weymouth Tyree Jordan joined the faculty of Florida State University in 1949 and served until his death in 1968. He was acting head of the Department of History from 1954-1955 and head of the department until 1964."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWeymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_79-7\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_79-7\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Weymouth Tyree Jordan Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_79-7"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed September, 1979.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed September, 1979."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a wide variety of materials related to Weymouth Tyree Jordan, his life and his career. Included in these materials are biographical materials, personal papers, family history, employment records, early report cards, school transcripts, retirement papers, personal papers of the United States Navy and Naval Reserve, memorial articles and letters, book reviews of his, Hugh Davis and his Alabama plantation, correspondence with publishers, awards, diplomas and photographs of Mr. Jordan. The correspondence files contain letters from 1949 to 1968, including letters from Victor Mamatey, and Scott, Foresman and Company. There are a large number of papers from the Florida State University Department of History, including correspondence from the Florida Civil War Centennial Commission and the Faculty Senate, and papers about the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities, performing arts, social sciences, the Southern Historical Association, correspondence with Ed Younger, and materials about the history of agriculture. There are materials about the graduate programs including lists of candidates, dissertations on Florida subjects, and exams. The collection also includes writings of Mr. Jordan on topics such as the agricultural state fair in Alabama, cotton planters, Alabama household practices, folk medicine in the old south, gold mining in North Carolina, herbs, Black people in Tennessee during the Reconstruction, Noah B. Cloud, Peruvian guano in the old south, plantation medicine, political impact of the Civil War on the old south, George Washington Campbell, the medieval mind, southern farming, and United States history. There are also research materials for his writings, including correspondence of people such as Samuel H. Fowlkes and Hubert B. Fuller, maps of Alabama, newspapers and photographs of the Civil War and the Florida State Capitol Building in Tallahassee. There are also two books in the collection: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA dictionary of practical surgery \u003c/emph\u003eby Samuel Cooper; and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Alabama justice of the peace\u003c/emph\u003e, by Henry Hitchcock.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a wide variety of materials related to Weymouth Tyree Jordan, his life and his career. Included in these materials are biographical materials, personal papers, family history, employment records, early report cards, school transcripts, retirement papers, personal papers of the United States Navy and Naval Reserve, memorial articles and letters, book reviews of his, Hugh Davis and his Alabama plantation, correspondence with publishers, awards, diplomas and photographs of Mr. Jordan. The correspondence files contain letters from 1949 to 1968, including letters from Victor Mamatey, and Scott, Foresman and Company. There are a large number of papers from the Florida State University Department of History, including correspondence from the Florida Civil War Centennial Commission and the Faculty Senate, and papers about the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities, performing arts, social sciences, the Southern Historical Association, correspondence with Ed Younger, and materials about the history of agriculture. There are materials about the graduate programs including lists of candidates, dissertations on Florida subjects, and exams. The collection also includes writings of Mr. Jordan on topics such as the agricultural state fair in Alabama, cotton planters, Alabama household practices, folk medicine in the old south, gold mining in North Carolina, herbs, Black people in Tennessee during the Reconstruction, Noah B. Cloud, Peruvian guano in the old south, plantation medicine, political impact of the Civil War on the old south, George Washington Campbell, the medieval mind, southern farming, and United States history. There are also research materials for his writings, including correspondence of people such as Samuel H. Fowlkes and Hubert B. Fuller, maps of Alabama, newspapers and photographs of the Civil War and the Florida State Capitol Building in Tallahassee. There are also two books in the collection:  A dictionary of practical surgery  by Samuel Cooper; and  The Alabama justice of the peace , by Henry Hitchcock."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["All requests for permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Associate Dean for Special Collections \u0026 Archives. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6a36c69940e41c44b403060977b08f0c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains a wide variety of materials realted to Weymouth Tyree Jordan, his life and his career. Includes biographical materials, correspondence, articles, photographs, writings, research materials, announcements, books, and related materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a wide variety of materials realted to Weymouth Tyree Jordan, his life and his career. Includes biographical materials, correspondence, articles, photographs, writings, research materials, announcements, books, and related materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Navy","National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.","Southern Historical Association","Florida State Capitol (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State University. Department of History","Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-","Campbell, George W. (George Washington), 1794-1869."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Navy","National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.","Southern Historical Association","Florida State Capitol (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State University. Department of History","Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-","Campbell, George W. (George Washington), 1794-1869."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","United States. Navy","National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.","Southern Historical Association","Florida State Capitol (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State University. Department of History"],"persname_ssim":["Jordan, Weymouth Tyree, 1912-","Campbell, George W. (George Washington), 1794-1869."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2658,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3","timestamp":"2026-04-15T10:23:46.756Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/a256d3b3a2848ad32b0a57f3_aspace_107772"}},{"id":"cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9_aspace_13125","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1948 - Circus Displays","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9_aspace_13125#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eExtent: 2 p. 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Note: (Photocopy.)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9","cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9_aspace_4631","cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9_aspace_4633"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995","Circus, 1969-1988","Circus, 1969"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995","Circus, 1969-1988","Circus, 1969"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 1","/repositories/10/archival_objects/156487"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":700,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["To request permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from the archives, please contact Heritage \u0026 University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. Researchers must obtain separate permission from the copyright holders of material held within University Archives collections for which the institution does not hold copyright."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExtent: 2 p. Note: (Photocopy.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Extent: 2 p. Note: (Photocopy.)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0/components#0","_nest_parent_":"cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9_aspace_4633","_root_":"cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9","timestamp":"2026-04-15T03:26:10.454Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9","title_ssm":["Florida State University Media Relations Files"],"title_tesim":["Florida State University Media Relations Files"],"ead_ssi":"cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9","unitdate_ssm":["1969-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2003-019","/repositories/10/resources/1253"],"text":["MSS 2003-019","/repositories/10/resources/1253","Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995","Commencement Ceremony","Homecoming.","Media relations","Florida State University. Commencement","Florida State University. Homecoming","Florida State University. Media Relations","Florida State University. School of Theatre","Collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","The Florida State University (FSU) Media Relations Office is the official news, information and public affairs office of Florida State University.  Media Relations produces and distributes news about FSU to the campus community, the state, the nation and the world.  It is staffed by professional journalists and public relations experts who promote the university.\n APPLETON MUSEUM OF ART\n The Appleton Museum of Art in Ocala, Florida was originally built to display and preserve the collection of Arthur I. Appleton, retired president of Appleton Electric Company of Chicago, avid art collector, and owner of Bridlewood Farm, a Marion County (Florida) thoroughbred operation. Appleton, together with a group of community leaders, persuaded the City of Ocala to donate land for the museum. Arthur, his wife, Martha and his sister, Edith-Marie Appleton donated funds to build the museum structure\n Considered one of the South's premier art repositories and education centers, the Appleton is the focal point of the Appleton Cultural Center, a 44-acre complex which also includes the Ocala Civic Theatre and the Pioneer Garden Club. The museum opened to the public in December 1987. Since July 1, 1990, the Appleton Museum of Art has been jointly owned by Florida State University and Central Florida Community College.\n ASOLO THEATRE COMPANY\n The Asolo Theatre was originally built in 1798 in the town of Asolo, Italy.  In 1930, the old wooden theater was taken down and its components were stored in Venice.  In 1949, the State of Florida purchased the 300-seat theater for the Ringling Museums, and in 1957, it was transferred to its own building on the Museum's grounds in Sarasota. The theatre was restored with its lamps, horseshoe plan, tiers of boxes, and gold decorations as it was in 18th century Italy.  Florida State University founded the Asolo Theater Company in 1960 in conjunction with the Ringling Museums.\n Recognized nationally and internationally as one of the outstanding professional theater groups now playing, Asolo, the official State Theater Company of Florida, operates year-round on both entertainment and education levels.  Beginning in mid-February, the Company plays seven months of rotating repertory in the Ringling Museums' Asolo Theater in Sarasota, where it also conducts college and graduate level programs for the University System of Florida.  During the fall and early winter months, the Equity troupe tours Florida high schools with a unique theater-education program.  The Company also conducts a continually expanding Children's Theater program, and is one of the few groups in North America that alternates as many as ten shows in repertory each season including some Shakespeare, a Restoration piece, an American classic, contemporary works, and new plays.  This varied program attracts audiences, critics, and the finest of theatrical talent to the Company year after year.\n THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS\n The School of Business was established in 1950, three years after Florida State College for Women became Florida State University and began admitting men to accommodate the large number of World War II veterans seeking an education. In 1974, the school of Business became the College of Business. The school, then college, expanded rapidly during the administrations of former Deans Charles A. Rovetta and E. Ray Solomon, moving into new facilities, adding programs and increasing enrollment.\n Among Rovetta's earliest priorities were accreditation of the School of Business, which he accomplished in 1962, and setting up the first health insurance program for faculty members at FSU. Under Rovetta's prodding, the 1955 Legislature appropriated $1 million to build a new home for the School of Business, which opened in 1958. The building, which underwent a $9 million expansion and renovation starting in 1982, today bears Rovetta's name. During Rovetta's 20-year tenure as dean, the school added master's and doctoral programs in business administration and set up an off-campus program at Cape Kennedy to train space scientists in management.\n When Rovetta retired as dean in 1973, Solomon was named his successor. Solomon served as dean until June of 1991. During his tenure, Solomon established an alumni association and set up the college's first fund-raising program, created endowed chairs, raised salaries and increased research funding. Another highlight of his 17-year tenure as dean was the decision in 1982 to raise academic standards. Over a period of time, he increased the grade point average required for admission to the college to 2.6.  Solomon also established the Small Business Institute, offering the expertise of the college's faculty and students to small businesses.\n Following his retirement, Melvin Stith, chairman of the marketing department, was promoted to dean. He will retire at the end of the Fall 2004 semester. Stith' accomplishments included a 12,000-square-foot technology center offering students access to the latest high-tech equipment, the opening of the Jim Moran Institute for Global Entrepreneurship, the Executive Management Program to train mid-level managers, and the Distinguished Speaker Series, which brings business leaders to campus to interact with students.\n THE FSU FLYING HIGH CIRCUS\n The Florida State University Flying High Circus is the country's only collegiate circus.  It was organized in 1947 by Jack Haskin.  The first circus show on campus  was held in 1948 with 45 performers in an old Army gymnasium. During the 1950s, circus performances were held outdoors at night, without a tent, in the campus football stadium.  The first performance under a tent came in 1960 when the circus rented a tent from Sarasota High School for the annual May campus homeshows. The following year, the Circus obtained its own three-ring tent with a seating capacity of 3,000. Since 1962, the circus has had hours of nation-wide television coverage by participating in the CBS \"Sports Spectacular\" series.  Under the direction of Ad Gilbert, the Circus spent four weeks touring major cities of Europe in the Spring of 1964.\n The Flying High Circus is a self-supporting activity. No student activity fees, tuition payments, university or state funds go towards circus activities. Unlike many other athletic endeavors, the students receive no tuition waivers or university scholarships for their long hours of practice or the nationally famous shows that bring credit to FSU. The acts in the Flying High Circus have evolved from \"circus activity\" to \"circus professionalism\". Performances are often of so high a caliber that professional contracts are sometimes offered to student performers, especially on the flying trapeze.  Examples include the triple somersault on the flying trapeze (accomplished by two performers at FSU), the seven-man pyramid on the high wire (which has only been performed by two other groups), double back somersaults on the skypole and many more. Some acts are unique to the FSU Circus or are only done rarely elsewhere such as triple aerial high casting and the three-lane breakaway. Other acts are traditional circus classics. There are no animal acts in the Circus.\n HOMECOMING\n Homecoming is an alumni program.  Spanning a three-day period, it includes a pep rally, parade, alumni class reunions, a banquet, a free faculty concert, the Pow Wow, a student entertainment attraction, alumni breakfast, the ODK \"Grads Made Good\" presentations, awards presented by Garnet and Gold Key honoraries, a baseball game, the alumni barbecue, the naming of the Homecoming Seminole Chief and Process, and entertainment after the Saturday football game.  During the Homecoming parade, the Florida State Marching Chiefs lead the area high school bands, floats and campus organizations through the streets of downtown Tallahassee.  The University Homecoming Pow Wow, a large outdoor student entertainment attraction, is open to students, townspeople, alumni and their families.\n THE FSU SCHOOL OF THEATRE\n The Florida State University School of Theatre is consistently recognized as one of the finest theatre programs in the nation.  Alumni of the School are working in theatre and other related fields throughout the United States and in many foreign countries. Its distinguished national reputation has been recognized in the gifts of two million-dollar Eminent Scholar Chairs.  The Burt Reynolds Chair for Professional and Regional Theatre serves to develop and enhance the School's professional programs throughout the State.  The Marion O. Hoffman Chair enables the School to bring to the campus internationally-respected theatre artists and teachers for short-term residences to work with students and to practice their creative art.\n Three theatres --- the Mainstage, the Studio Theatre, and the Lab Theatre, a \"black box\" theatre --- enable students to participate in the widest possible range of productions.  Productions of masterpieces of dramatic literature and musical theatre regularly highlight the offerings of the School of Theatre in the three theatres.  The Mainstage Season consists of 4 major productions, while 10 shows annually are produced in the Studio Theatre or in the Lab. Internships are available through the School's ongoing cooperative relationship with professional theatres around the nation.  The School has a successful cooperative program with the School of Music and the Department of Dance at FSU.","The MSS 2003-019 accession was processed in September 2003 by Delia Tam.","The Florida State University (FSU) Media Relations files contain press releases, photos, programs, brochures, newspapers, newsletters and letters documenting the activities of the Appleton Museum of Art, Asolo Theatre, the College of Business, the FSU Circus, Graduation, Homecoming, and the School of Theatre.\n Appleton Museum of Art materials include articles about gifts to the Museum, the Florida Arts Recognition Award to the Appletons, funding for the Appleton Eminent Scholar's Chair, and the 1990 merger of the Appleton Museum of Art with Central Florida Community College and Florida State University.\n The Asolo Theatre files includes articles, playbills, play reviews, and press releases. Topics include the dedication of the Asolo Center in 1990, gifts received, the Burt Reynolds Institute and Theater Project, and the Hoffman Eminent Scholar's Chair.\n The College of Business files highlight its projects, programs, proposed courses, classes taught by closed-circuit television, grants, scholarships, lectures, conferences, seminars, workshops, lectures and services to the community, e.g. free help sessions in preparing tax returns.  Several of these activities include Credit Institute Courses for government employees, Review Seminars for CPA examinations, the Judicial Management Program, and the \"Jobs for Older Americans\" project.  The press releases publicize the successes and achievements of the Business students.  Interface, the newsletter of the College of Business and another newsletter, Feedback, are also featured. In these files, there is a gap in 1984.\n The FSU Flying High Circus materials include programs, articles about the Circus, other Circus publications, and press releases documenting its history and activities. Subjects include the 25th anniversary of the Circus in 1972 and other anniversaries, stories about its performers, animal acts, highwire acts, circus ballets, and the history of the Flying High Circus.\n The Graduation files include press releases about Florida State University's graduation ceremonies in daily and weekly newspapers, radio and television stations and the Capitol Press Corps.  Topics include the College of Law graduation, College of Nursing pinning ceremony, undergraduate and graduate ceremonies, the Joint Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC commissioning ceremony, the first graduation held in the Tallahassee-Leon County Civic Center in 1982, the presentation of the Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor award, the highest faculty award given by FSU, and Virgil Conner, the oldest graduate at 92 to ever receive a doctorate from a major college.\n The Homecoming files contain press releases, programs, brochures, flyers, post cards, newspapers, magazines, homecoming ticket information and order forms, lists of events, and parade lists.  Subjects include the pep rally, parade, alumni class reunions,  banquet, faculty concert, alumni breakfast, Grads Made Good  presentations, the Ross Oglesby Man of the Year Award with special coverage on these honorees, baseball games, alumni barbecues, festivals and entertainment after the Saturday football game, and the homecoming \"Pow Wow.\" From 1983-84, there is a gap in the collection.\n The School of Theatre files contain press releases, announcements, newspapers, brochures, playbills, programs, and several photographs. Individuals cited in these materials include Burt Reynolds, Robert Ulrich, Fay Dunaway, Joseph Papp, Helen Hayes, Lee Strasberg, and Susan Strasberg.  These papers also describe the Schubert Fellowship in playwriting which is awarded annually to a student, the Charles MacArthur national playwriting competition, top honors gained by students in theater festival competitions, grants received, the Florida State Fine Arts Festival, \"Adventures in Theater\", the School's new touring company, \"The Countryside Theater\", a unique program to bring live theater to rural communities, and plans to establish an American Theatre Library-Museum on campus in 1970, the first and only one of its concept in the country.","To request permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from the archives, please contact Heritage \u0026 University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. Researchers must obtain separate permission from the copyright holders of material held within University Archives collections for which the institution does not hold copyright.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Florida State University Media Relations Department","Asolo Theater (Sarasota, Fla.)","Appleton Museum of Art (Ocala, Fla.)","Florida State University. College of Business","Florida State University. Flying High Circus","Reynolds, Burt","Urich, Robert","Dunaway, Faye","Papp, Joseph","Hayes, Helen","Rovetta, Charles A.","Solomon, E. Ray","Stith, Melvin","Strasberg, Lee","Strasberg, Susan","Lazier, Gilbert N.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2003-019","/repositories/10/resources/1253"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969-1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995"],"collection_ssim":["Florida State University Media Relations Files, 1969-1995"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Florida State University Media Relations Department"],"creator_ssim":["Florida State University Media Relations Department"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida State University Media Relations Department"],"creators_ssim":["Florida State University Media Relations Department"],"access_terms_ssm":["To request permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from the archives, please contact Heritage \u0026 University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. Researchers must obtain separate permission from the copyright holders of material held within University Archives collections for which the institution does not hold copyright."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The MSS 2003-019 accession of the FSU Media Relations Files was given to the Special Collections Department by the FSU Media Relations Office in 1999."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Commencement Ceremony","Homecoming.","Media relations","Florida State University. Commencement","Florida State University. Homecoming","Florida State University. Media Relations","Florida State University. School of Theatre"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Commencement Ceremony","Homecoming.","Media relations","Florida State University. Commencement","Florida State University. Homecoming","Florida State University. Media Relations","Florida State University. School of Theatre"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.80 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.80 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Florida State University (FSU) Media Relations Office is the official news, information and public affairs office of Florida State University.  Media Relations produces and distributes news about FSU to the campus community, the state, the nation and the world.  It is staffed by professional journalists and public relations experts who promote the university.\n APPLETON MUSEUM OF ART\n The Appleton Museum of Art in Ocala, Florida was originally built to display and preserve the collection of Arthur I. Appleton, retired president of Appleton Electric Company of Chicago, avid art collector, and owner of Bridlewood Farm, a Marion County (Florida) thoroughbred operation. Appleton, together with a group of community leaders, persuaded the City of Ocala to donate land for the museum. Arthur, his wife, Martha and his sister, Edith-Marie Appleton donated funds to build the museum structure\n Considered one of the South's premier art repositories and education centers, the Appleton is the focal point of the Appleton Cultural Center, a 44-acre complex which also includes the Ocala Civic Theatre and the Pioneer Garden Club. The museum opened to the public in December 1987. Since July 1, 1990, the Appleton Museum of Art has been jointly owned by Florida State University and Central Florida Community College.\n ASOLO THEATRE COMPANY\n The Asolo Theatre was originally built in 1798 in the town of Asolo, Italy.  In 1930, the old wooden theater was taken down and its components were stored in Venice.  In 1949, the State of Florida purchased the 300-seat theater for the Ringling Museums, and in 1957, it was transferred to its own building on the Museum's grounds in Sarasota. The theatre was restored with its lamps, horseshoe plan, tiers of boxes, and gold decorations as it was in 18th century Italy.  Florida State University founded the Asolo Theater Company in 1960 in conjunction with the Ringling Museums.\n Recognized nationally and internationally as one of the outstanding professional theater groups now playing, Asolo, the official State Theater Company of Florida, operates year-round on both entertainment and education levels.  Beginning in mid-February, the Company plays seven months of rotating repertory in the Ringling Museums' Asolo Theater in Sarasota, where it also conducts college and graduate level programs for the University System of Florida.  During the fall and early winter months, the Equity troupe tours Florida high schools with a unique theater-education program.  The Company also conducts a continually expanding Children's Theater program, and is one of the few groups in North America that alternates as many as ten shows in repertory each season including some Shakespeare, a Restoration piece, an American classic, contemporary works, and new plays.  This varied program attracts audiences, critics, and the finest of theatrical talent to the Company year after year.\n THE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS\n The School of Business was established in 1950, three years after Florida State College for Women became Florida State University and began admitting men to accommodate the large number of World War II veterans seeking an education. In 1974, the school of Business became the College of Business. The school, then college, expanded rapidly during the administrations of former Deans Charles A. Rovetta and E. Ray Solomon, moving into new facilities, adding programs and increasing enrollment.\n Among Rovetta's earliest priorities were accreditation of the School of Business, which he accomplished in 1962, and setting up the first health insurance program for faculty members at FSU. Under Rovetta's prodding, the 1955 Legislature appropriated $1 million to build a new home for the School of Business, which opened in 1958. The building, which underwent a $9 million expansion and renovation starting in 1982, today bears Rovetta's name. During Rovetta's 20-year tenure as dean, the school added master's and doctoral programs in business administration and set up an off-campus program at Cape Kennedy to train space scientists in management.\n When Rovetta retired as dean in 1973, Solomon was named his successor. Solomon served as dean until June of 1991. During his tenure, Solomon established an alumni association and set up the college's first fund-raising program, created endowed chairs, raised salaries and increased research funding. Another highlight of his 17-year tenure as dean was the decision in 1982 to raise academic standards. Over a period of time, he increased the grade point average required for admission to the college to 2.6.  Solomon also established the Small Business Institute, offering the expertise of the college's faculty and students to small businesses.\n Following his retirement, Melvin Stith, chairman of the marketing department, was promoted to dean. He will retire at the end of the Fall 2004 semester. Stith' accomplishments included a 12,000-square-foot technology center offering students access to the latest high-tech equipment, the opening of the Jim Moran Institute for Global Entrepreneurship, the Executive Management Program to train mid-level managers, and the Distinguished Speaker Series, which brings business leaders to campus to interact with students.\n THE FSU FLYING HIGH CIRCUS\n The Florida State University Flying High Circus is the country's only collegiate circus.  It was organized in 1947 by Jack Haskin.  The first circus show on campus  was held in 1948 with 45 performers in an old Army gymnasium. During the 1950s, circus performances were held outdoors at night, without a tent, in the campus football stadium.  The first performance under a tent came in 1960 when the circus rented a tent from Sarasota High School for the annual May campus homeshows. The following year, the Circus obtained its own three-ring tent with a seating capacity of 3,000. Since 1962, the circus has had hours of nation-wide television coverage by participating in the CBS \"Sports Spectacular\" series.  Under the direction of Ad Gilbert, the Circus spent four weeks touring major cities of Europe in the Spring of 1964.\n The Flying High Circus is a self-supporting activity. No student activity fees, tuition payments, university or state funds go towards circus activities. Unlike many other athletic endeavors, the students receive no tuition waivers or university scholarships for their long hours of practice or the nationally famous shows that bring credit to FSU. The acts in the Flying High Circus have evolved from \"circus activity\" to \"circus professionalism\". Performances are often of so high a caliber that professional contracts are sometimes offered to student performers, especially on the flying trapeze.  Examples include the triple somersault on the flying trapeze (accomplished by two performers at FSU), the seven-man pyramid on the high wire (which has only been performed by two other groups), double back somersaults on the skypole and many more. Some acts are unique to the FSU Circus or are only done rarely elsewhere such as triple aerial high casting and the three-lane breakaway. Other acts are traditional circus classics. There are no animal acts in the Circus.\n HOMECOMING\n Homecoming is an alumni program.  Spanning a three-day period, it includes a pep rally, parade, alumni class reunions, a banquet, a free faculty concert, the Pow Wow, a student entertainment attraction, alumni breakfast, the ODK \"Grads Made Good\" presentations, awards presented by Garnet and Gold Key honoraries, a baseball game, the alumni barbecue, the naming of the Homecoming Seminole Chief and Process, and entertainment after the Saturday football game.  During the Homecoming parade, the Florida State Marching Chiefs lead the area high school bands, floats and campus organizations through the streets of downtown Tallahassee.  The University Homecoming Pow Wow, a large outdoor student entertainment attraction, is open to students, townspeople, alumni and their families.\n THE FSU SCHOOL OF THEATRE\n The Florida State University School of Theatre is consistently recognized as one of the finest theatre programs in the nation.  Alumni of the School are working in theatre and other related fields throughout the United States and in many foreign countries. Its distinguished national reputation has been recognized in the gifts of two million-dollar Eminent Scholar Chairs.  The Burt Reynolds Chair for Professional and Regional Theatre serves to develop and enhance the School's professional programs throughout the State.  The Marion O. Hoffman Chair enables the School to bring to the campus internationally-respected theatre artists and teachers for short-term residences to work with students and to practice their creative art.\n Three theatres --- the Mainstage, the Studio Theatre, and the Lab Theatre, a \"black box\" theatre --- enable students to participate in the widest possible range of productions.  Productions of masterpieces of dramatic literature and musical theatre regularly highlight the offerings of the School of Theatre in the three theatres.  The Mainstage Season consists of 4 major productions, while 10 shows annually are produced in the Studio Theatre or in the Lab. Internships are available through the School's ongoing cooperative relationship with professional theatres around the nation.  The School has a successful cooperative program with the School of Music and the Department of Dance at FSU."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name of Item], [Date of Item], Florida State University Media Relations Files, Heritage \u0026amp; University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2003-019\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name of Item], [Date of Item], Florida State University Media Relations Files, Heritage \u0026 University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-2003-019"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MSS 2003-019 accession was processed in September 2003 by Delia Tam.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The MSS 2003-019 accession was processed in September 2003 by Delia Tam."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida State University (FSU) Media Relations files contain press releases, photos, programs, brochures, newspapers, newsletters and letters documenting the activities of the Appleton Museum of Art, Asolo Theatre, the College of Business, the FSU Circus, Graduation, Homecoming, and the School of Theatre.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppleton Museum of Art materials include articles about gifts to the Museum, the Florida Arts Recognition Award to the Appletons, funding for the Appleton Eminent Scholar's Chair, and the 1990 merger of the Appleton Museum of Art with Central Florida Community College and Florida State University.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Asolo Theatre files includes articles, playbills, play reviews, and press releases. Topics include the dedication of the Asolo Center in 1990, gifts received, the Burt Reynolds Institute and Theater Project, and the Hoffman Eminent Scholar's Chair.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe College of Business files highlight its projects, programs, proposed courses, classes taught by closed-circuit television, grants, scholarships, lectures, conferences, seminars, workshops, lectures and services to the community, e.g. free help sessions in preparing tax returns.\u0026#xA0; Several of these activities include Credit Institute Courses for government employees, Review Seminars for CPA examinations, the Judicial Management Program, and the \"Jobs for Older Americans\" project.\u0026#xA0; The press releases publicize the successes and achievements of the Business students.\u0026#xA0; Interface, the newsletter of the College of Business and another newsletter, Feedback, are also featured. In these files, there is a gap in 1984.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe FSU Flying High Circus materials include programs, articles about the Circus, other Circus publications, and press releases documenting its history and activities. Subjects include the 25th anniversary of the Circus in 1972 and other anniversaries, stories about its performers, animal acts, highwire acts, circus ballets, and the history of the Flying High Circus.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Graduation files include press releases about Florida State University's graduation ceremonies in daily and weekly newspapers, radio and television stations and the Capitol Press Corps.\u0026#xA0; Topics include the College of Law graduation, College of Nursing pinning ceremony, undergraduate and graduate ceremonies, the Joint Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC commissioning ceremony, the first graduation held in the Tallahassee-Leon County Civic Center in 1982, the presentation of the Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor award, the highest faculty award given by FSU, and Virgil Conner, the oldest graduate at 92 to ever receive a doctorate from a major college.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Homecoming files contain press releases, programs, brochures, flyers, post cards, newspapers, magazines, homecoming ticket information and order forms, lists of events, and parade lists.\u0026#xA0; Subjects include the pep rally, parade, alumni class reunions,\u0026#xA0; banquet, faculty concert, alumni breakfast, Grads Made Good\u0026#xA0; presentations, the Ross Oglesby Man of the Year Award with special coverage on these honorees, baseball games, alumni barbecues, festivals and entertainment after the Saturday football game, and the homecoming \"Pow Wow.\" From 1983-84, there is a gap in the collection.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe School of Theatre files contain press releases, announcements, newspapers, brochures, playbills, programs, and several photographs. Individuals cited in these materials include Burt Reynolds, Robert Ulrich, Fay Dunaway, Joseph Papp, Helen Hayes, Lee Strasberg, and Susan Strasberg.\u0026#xA0; These papers also describe the Schubert Fellowship in playwriting which is awarded annually to a student, the Charles MacArthur national playwriting competition, top honors gained by students in theater festival competitions, grants received, the Florida State Fine Arts Festival, \"Adventures in Theater\", the School's new touring company, \"The Countryside Theater\", a unique program to bring live theater to rural communities, and plans to establish an American Theatre Library-Museum on campus in 1970, the first and only one of its concept in the country.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida State University (FSU) Media Relations files contain press releases, photos, programs, brochures, newspapers, newsletters and letters documenting the activities of the Appleton Museum of Art, Asolo Theatre, the College of Business, the FSU Circus, Graduation, Homecoming, and the School of Theatre.\n Appleton Museum of Art materials include articles about gifts to the Museum, the Florida Arts Recognition Award to the Appletons, funding for the Appleton Eminent Scholar's Chair, and the 1990 merger of the Appleton Museum of Art with Central Florida Community College and Florida State University.\n The Asolo Theatre files includes articles, playbills, play reviews, and press releases. Topics include the dedication of the Asolo Center in 1990, gifts received, the Burt Reynolds Institute and Theater Project, and the Hoffman Eminent Scholar's Chair.\n The College of Business files highlight its projects, programs, proposed courses, classes taught by closed-circuit television, grants, scholarships, lectures, conferences, seminars, workshops, lectures and services to the community, e.g. free help sessions in preparing tax returns.  Several of these activities include Credit Institute Courses for government employees, Review Seminars for CPA examinations, the Judicial Management Program, and the \"Jobs for Older Americans\" project.  The press releases publicize the successes and achievements of the Business students.  Interface, the newsletter of the College of Business and another newsletter, Feedback, are also featured. In these files, there is a gap in 1984.\n The FSU Flying High Circus materials include programs, articles about the Circus, other Circus publications, and press releases documenting its history and activities. Subjects include the 25th anniversary of the Circus in 1972 and other anniversaries, stories about its performers, animal acts, highwire acts, circus ballets, and the history of the Flying High Circus.\n The Graduation files include press releases about Florida State University's graduation ceremonies in daily and weekly newspapers, radio and television stations and the Capitol Press Corps.  Topics include the College of Law graduation, College of Nursing pinning ceremony, undergraduate and graduate ceremonies, the Joint Army, Navy and Air Force ROTC commissioning ceremony, the first graduation held in the Tallahassee-Leon County Civic Center in 1982, the presentation of the Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor award, the highest faculty award given by FSU, and Virgil Conner, the oldest graduate at 92 to ever receive a doctorate from a major college.\n The Homecoming files contain press releases, programs, brochures, flyers, post cards, newspapers, magazines, homecoming ticket information and order forms, lists of events, and parade lists.  Subjects include the pep rally, parade, alumni class reunions,  banquet, faculty concert, alumni breakfast, Grads Made Good  presentations, the Ross Oglesby Man of the Year Award with special coverage on these honorees, baseball games, alumni barbecues, festivals and entertainment after the Saturday football game, and the homecoming \"Pow Wow.\" From 1983-84, there is a gap in the collection.\n The School of Theatre files contain press releases, announcements, newspapers, brochures, playbills, programs, and several photographs. Individuals cited in these materials include Burt Reynolds, Robert Ulrich, Fay Dunaway, Joseph Papp, Helen Hayes, Lee Strasberg, and Susan Strasberg.  These papers also describe the Schubert Fellowship in playwriting which is awarded annually to a student, the Charles MacArthur national playwriting competition, top honors gained by students in theater festival competitions, grants received, the Florida State Fine Arts Festival, \"Adventures in Theater\", the School's new touring company, \"The Countryside Theater\", a unique program to bring live theater to rural communities, and plans to establish an American Theatre Library-Museum on campus in 1970, the first and only one of its concept in the country."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTo request permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from the archives, please contact Heritage \u0026amp; University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. Researchers must obtain separate permission from the copyright holders of material held within University Archives collections for which the institution does not hold copyright.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["To request permission to quote, publish, broadcast or otherwise reproduce from the archives, please contact Heritage \u0026 University Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida. Researchers must obtain separate permission from the copyright holders of material held within University Archives collections for which the institution does not hold copyright."],"names_coll_ssim":["Asolo Theater (Sarasota, Fla.)","Appleton Museum of Art (Ocala, Fla.)","Florida State University. College of Business","Florida State University. Flying High Circus","Reynolds, Burt","Urich, Robert","Dunaway, Faye","Papp, Joseph","Hayes, Helen","Rovetta, Charles A.","Solomon, E. Ray","Stith, Melvin","Strasberg, Lee","Strasberg, Susan","Lazier, Gilbert N."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Florida State University Media Relations Department","Asolo Theater (Sarasota, Fla.)","Appleton Museum of Art (Ocala, Fla.)","Florida State University. College of Business","Florida State University. Flying High Circus","Reynolds, Burt","Urich, Robert","Dunaway, Faye","Papp, Joseph","Hayes, Helen","Rovetta, Charles A.","Solomon, E. Ray","Stith, Melvin","Strasberg, Lee","Strasberg, Susan","Lazier, Gilbert N."],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Florida State University Media Relations Department","Asolo Theater (Sarasota, Fla.)","Appleton Museum of Art (Ocala, Fla.)","Florida State University. College of Business","Florida State University. Flying High Circus"],"persname_ssim":["Reynolds, Burt","Urich, Robert","Dunaway, Faye","Papp, Joseph","Hayes, Helen","Rovetta, Charles A.","Solomon, E. Ray","Stith, Melvin","Strasberg, Lee","Strasberg, Susan","Lazier, Gilbert N."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3222,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9","timestamp":"2026-04-15T03:26:10.454Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida State University (FSU) Media Relations Office is the official news, information and public affairs office of Florida State University.\u0026#xA0; Media Relations produces and distributes news about FSU to the campus community, the state, the nation and the world.\u0026#xA0; It is staffed by professional journalists and public relations experts who promote the university.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAPPLETON MUSEUM OF ART\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Appleton Museum of Art in Ocala, Florida was originally built to display and preserve the collection of Arthur I. Appleton, retired president of Appleton Electric Company of Chicago, avid art collector, and owner of Bridlewood Farm, a Marion County (Florida) thoroughbred operation. Appleton, together with a group of community leaders, persuaded the City of Ocala to donate land for the museum. Arthur, his wife, Martha and his sister, Edith-Marie Appleton donated funds to build the museum structure\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConsidered one of the South's premier art repositories and education centers, the Appleton is the focal point of the Appleton Cultural Center, a 44-acre complex which also includes the Ocala Civic Theatre and the Pioneer Garden Club. The museum opened to the public in December 1987. Since July 1, 1990, the Appleton Museum of Art has been jointly owned by Florida State University and Central Florida Community College.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eASOLO THEATRE COMPANY\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Asolo Theatre was originally built in 1798 in the town of Asolo, Italy.\u0026#xA0; In 1930, the old wooden theater was taken down and its components were stored in Venice.\u0026#xA0; In 1949, the State of Florida purchased the 300-seat theater for the Ringling Museums, and in 1957, it was transferred to its own building on the Museum's grounds in Sarasota. The theatre was restored with its lamps, horseshoe plan, tiers of boxes, and gold decorations as it was in 18th century Italy.\u0026#xA0; Florida State University founded the Asolo Theater Company in 1960 in conjunction with the Ringling Museums.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecognized nationally and internationally as one of the outstanding professional theater groups now playing, Asolo, the official State Theater Company of Florida, operates year-round on both entertainment and education levels.\u0026#xA0; Beginning in mid-February, the Company plays seven months of rotating repertory in the Ringling Museums' Asolo Theater in Sarasota, where it also conducts college and graduate level programs for the University System of Florida.\u0026#xA0; During the fall and early winter months, the Equity troupe tours Florida high schools with a unique theater-education program.\u0026#xA0; The Company also conducts a continually expanding Children's Theater program, and is one of the few groups in North America that alternates as many as ten shows in repertory each season including some Shakespeare, a Restoration piece, an American classic, contemporary works, and new plays.\u0026#xA0; This varied program attracts audiences, critics, and the finest of theatrical talent to the Company year after year.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE COLLEGE OF BUSINESS\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe School of Business was established in 1950, three years after Florida State College for Women became Florida State University and began admitting men to accommodate the large number of World War II veterans seeking an education. In 1974, the school of Business became the College of Business. The school, then college, expanded rapidly during the administrations of former Deans Charles A. Rovetta and E. Ray Solomon, moving into new facilities, adding programs and increasing enrollment.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong Rovetta's earliest priorities were accreditation of the School of Business, which he accomplished in 1962, and setting up the first health insurance program for faculty members at FSU. Under Rovetta's prodding, the 1955 Legislature appropriated $1 million to build a new home for the School of Business, which opened in 1958. The building, which underwent a $9 million expansion and renovation starting in 1982, today bears Rovetta's name. During Rovetta's 20-year tenure as dean, the school added master's and doctoral programs in business administration and set up an off-campus program at Cape Kennedy to train space scientists in management.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen Rovetta retired as dean in 1973, Solomon was named his successor. Solomon served as dean until June of 1991. During his tenure, Solomon established an alumni association and set up the college's first fund-raising program, created endowed chairs, raised salaries and increased research funding. Another highlight of his 17-year tenure as dean was the decision in 1982 to raise academic standards. Over a period of time, he increased the grade point average required for admission to the college to 2.6.\u0026#xA0; Solomon also established the Small Business Institute, offering the expertise of the college's faculty and students to small businesses.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFollowing his retirement, Melvin Stith, chairman of the marketing department, was promoted to dean. He will retire at the end of the Fall 2004 semester. Stith' accomplishments included a 12,000-square-foot technology center offering students access to the latest high-tech equipment, the opening of the Jim Moran Institute for Global Entrepreneurship, the Executive Management Program to train mid-level managers, and the Distinguished Speaker Series, which brings business leaders to campus to interact with students.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE FSU FLYING HIGH CIRCUS\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Florida State University Flying High Circus is the country's only collegiate circus.\u0026#xA0; It was organized in 1947 by Jack Haskin.\u0026#xA0; The first circus show on campus\u0026#xA0; was held in 1948 with 45 performers in an old Army gymnasium. During the 1950s, circus performances were held outdoors at night, without a tent, in the campus football stadium.\u0026#xA0; The first performance under a tent came in 1960 when the circus rented a tent from Sarasota High School for the annual May campus homeshows. The following year, the Circus obtained its own three-ring tent with a seating capacity of 3,000. Since 1962, the circus has had hours of nation-wide television coverage by participating in the CBS \"Sports Spectacular\" series.\u0026#xA0; Under the direction of Ad Gilbert, the Circus spent four weeks touring major cities of Europe in the Spring of 1964.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Flying High Circus is a self-supporting activity. No student activity fees, tuition payments, university or state funds go towards circus activities. Unlike many other athletic endeavors, the students receive no tuition waivers or university scholarships for their long hours of practice or the nationally famous shows that bring credit to FSU. The acts in the Flying High Circus have evolved from \"circus activity\" to \"circus professionalism\". Performances are often of so high a caliber that professional contracts are sometimes offered to student performers, especially on the flying trapeze.\u0026#xA0; Examples include the triple somersault on the flying trapeze (accomplished by two performers at FSU), the seven-man pyramid on the high wire (which has only been performed by two other groups), double back somersaults on the skypole and many more. Some acts are unique to the FSU Circus or are only done rarely elsewhere such as triple aerial high casting and the three-lane breakaway. Other acts are traditional circus classics. There are no animal acts in the Circus.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHOMECOMING\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHomecoming is an alumni program.\u0026#xA0; Spanning a three-day period, it includes a pep rally, parade, alumni class reunions, a banquet, a free faculty concert, the Pow Wow, a student entertainment attraction, alumni breakfast, the ODK \"Grads Made Good\" presentations, awards presented by Garnet and Gold Key honoraries, a baseball game, the alumni barbecue, the naming of the Homecoming Seminole Chief and Process, and entertainment after the Saturday football game.\u0026#xA0; During the Homecoming parade, the Florida State Marching Chiefs lead the area high school bands, floats and campus organizations through the streets of downtown Tallahassee.\u0026#xA0; The University Homecoming Pow Wow, a large outdoor student entertainment attraction, is open to students, townspeople, alumni and their families.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTHE FSU SCHOOL OF THEATRE\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Florida State University School of Theatre is consistently recognized as one of the finest theatre programs in the nation.\u0026#xA0; Alumni of the School are working in theatre and other related fields throughout the United States and in many foreign countries. Its distinguished national reputation has been recognized in the gifts of two million-dollar Eminent Scholar Chairs.\u0026#xA0; The Burt Reynolds Chair for Professional and Regional Theatre serves to develop and enhance the School's professional programs throughout the State.\u0026#xA0; The Marion O. Hoffman Chair enables the School to bring to the campus internationally-respected theatre artists and teachers for short-term residences to work with students and to practice their creative art.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree theatres --- the Mainstage, the Studio Theatre, and the Lab Theatre, a \"black box\" theatre --- enable students to participate in the widest possible range of productions.\u0026#xA0; Productions of masterpieces of dramatic literature and musical theatre regularly highlight the offerings of the School of Theatre in the three theatres.\u0026#xA0; The Mainstage Season consists of 4 major productions, while 10 shows annually are produced in the Studio Theatre or in the Lab. Internships are available through the School's ongoing cooperative relationship with professional theatres around the nation.\u0026#xA0; The School has a successful cooperative program with the School of Music and the Department of Dance at FSU.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/cd47e6ad97695fdc678be0a9_aspace_13125"}},{"id":"4a31e72c78a7400f36e9fddb","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"1948 FSU Graduation Invitation, 1948","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/4a31e72c78a7400f36e9fddb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"4a31e72c78a7400f36e9fddb","title_ssm":["1948 FSU Graduation Invitation"],"title_tesim":["1948 FSU Graduation Invitation"],"ead_ssi":"4a31e72c78a7400f36e9fddb","unitdate_ssm":["1948"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1948"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HUA 2011-016","/repositories/10/resources/2267"],"text":["HUA 2011-016","/repositories/10/resources/2267","1948 FSU Graduation Invitation, 1948","This collection is open to all researchers.","Date accessioned: 2011/04/28","Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. 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He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.","At the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. ","Although Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. ","In addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.","During the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.","In 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.","Yellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. ","Papers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","The Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. ","Ben Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.","Because of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.","The collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","SERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. ","The \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.","As the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.","SERIES 2: FARM WORKERS","The FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.","Around 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.","The \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. ","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.","SERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES","The WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. ","The \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).","The second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).","The third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.","Yellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. ","The fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. ","SERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES","The fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. ","The first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.","In December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.","SERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.","Accession Processed in 1997. The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image. The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO.  The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically. The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order. WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order. The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically. The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order. Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact. The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.","The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. ","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.","The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.","WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.","The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.","Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.","The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","For current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","Lyrasis Special Collections","These materials are written in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 0193","/repositories/2/resources/7"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.40 Electronic file","14.40 linear feet (37 archives boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["14.40 Electronic file","14.40 linear feet (37 archives boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["BIOGRAPHY"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ben Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.","At the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. ","Although Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. ","In addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.","During the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.","In 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.","Yellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["ABSTRACT"],"odd_tesim":["Papers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen Papers, MSS 0193. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, MSS 0193. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 2: FARM WORKERS\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eAccession Processed in 1997.\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. \u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eWATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["SCOPE AND CONTENT","Accession Processed in 1997."],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. ","Ben Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.","Because of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.","The collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","SERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. ","The \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.","As the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.","SERIES 2: FARM WORKERS","The FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.","Around 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.","The \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. ","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.","SERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES","The WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. ","The \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).","The second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).","The third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.","Yellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. ","The fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. ","SERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES","The fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. ","The first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.","In December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.","SERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.","Accession Processed in 1997. The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image. The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO.  The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically. The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order. WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order. The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically. The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order. Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact. The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.","The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. ","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.","The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.","WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.","The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.","Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.","The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4daaeb965e441c44361e6101b0c557d4\"\u003eFor current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["These materials are written in  English"],"total_component_count_is":475,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:50.878Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-4-2-4"}},{"id":"66acdd8a0f438be41593472d_aspace_84147","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1948: Neuromuscular Excitation and Inhibition, 1948","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/66acdd8a0f438be41593472d_aspace_84147#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_84147","ref_ssm":["aspace_84147","aspace_84147"],"id":"66acdd8a0f438be41593472d_aspace_84147","title_filing_ssi":"1948: Neuromuscular Excitation and Inhibition","title_ssm":["1948: Neuromuscular Excitation and Inhibition"],"title_tesim":["1948: Neuromuscular Excitation and Inhibition"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1948"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1948: Neuromuscular Excitation and Inhibition, 1948"],"text":["1948: Neuromuscular Excitation and Inhibition, 1948","Dexter M. Easton Papers, 1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010","Professional papers, 1941-2010","Writings","Folder 4","/repositories/10/archival_objects/20626","box 156","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["66acdd8a0f438be41593472d","66acdd8a0f438be41593472d_aspace_83008","66acdd8a0f438be41593472d_aspace_83033"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dexter M. Easton Papers, 1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010","Professional papers, 1941-2010","Writings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dexter M. Easton Papers, 1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010","Professional papers, 1941-2010","Writings"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 4","/repositories/10/archival_objects/20626"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Dexter M. Easton Papers, 1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1106,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright for this collection cannot be determined. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"containers_ssim":["box 156","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#3","_nest_parent_":"66acdd8a0f438be41593472d_aspace_83033","_root_":"66acdd8a0f438be41593472d","timestamp":"2026-04-15T10:51:29.664Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"66acdd8a0f438be41593472d","title_ssm":["Dexter M. Easton Papers"],"title_tesim":["Dexter M. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Transferred from Dexter Easton's home to Special Collections on December 9-10, 2010.","The collection includes correspondence with family, friends, students, and colleagues; lab notes covering over fifty years of ongoing research; manuscripts of papers and book, both published and unpublished; teaching materials including lecture notes and slides; conference posters; and personal documents recording his youth and private life. Most of the materials are printed or hand-written papers, along with a small number of scientific photographs and slides.\n \tExamples of topics covered in his professional work include: a) Gating charge voltage dependence on holding potential, predicted by expo-exponential model b) Na+ permeability change predicted proportional to gating current c) X-ray survival as Gompertz growth in number killed d) Muscle chamber with strain gauge adapted for isotonic/isometric recording e) Macroscopic INa changes in proportion to fast and slow components of gating current in squid axon","Copyright for this collection cannot be determined. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.","Documents pertaining to FSU biology professor Dr. Dexter M. Easton's professional and personal life, from his childhood in the 1930s through his death in 2010. Includes documents pertaining to his education, his scientific research, and his work as a university professor.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Easton, Dexter M.","Easton, Dexter M. (Dexter Morgan), 1921-2010","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2010-1209","/repositories/10/resources/68"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dexter M. Easton Papers, 1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dexter M. Easton Papers, 1945-2010, Date acquired: 12/09/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Dexter M. 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Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Matthew Easton, son of Dexter Easton.","Transferred from Dexter Easton's home to Special Collections on December 9-10, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Biology.","Physiology.","Neurosciences.","Neurophysiology.","Neuromuscular transmission.","Biophysics.","Gars.","Crustacea.","Mathematics, Gompertz","Florida State University. Dept. of Biological Science","Harvard University--History.","University of Washington--History","Clark University (Worcester, Mass.)","Florida State University--Faculty"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Biology.","Physiology.","Neurosciences.","Neurophysiology.","Neuromuscular transmission.","Biophysics.","Gars.","Crustacea.","Mathematics, Gompertz","Florida State University. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransferred from Dexter Easton's home to Special Collections on December 9-10, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Transferred from Dexter Easton's home to Special Collections on December 9-10, 2010."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Dexter M. Easton Papers, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida\nhttps://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-1-03\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Title of Item], [Date of Item], Dexter M. Easton Papers, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University Libraries, Tallahassee, Florida\nhttps://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/MSS-1-03"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence with family, friends, students, and colleagues; lab notes covering over fifty years of ongoing research; manuscripts of papers and book, both published and unpublished; teaching materials including lecture notes and slides; conference posters; and personal documents recording his youth and private life. Most of the materials are printed or hand-written papers, along with a small number of scientific photographs and slides.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\tExamples of topics covered in his professional work include: a) Gating charge voltage dependence on holding potential, predicted by expo-exponential model b) Na+ permeability change predicted proportional to gating current c) X-ray survival as Gompertz growth in number killed d) Muscle chamber with strain gauge adapted for isotonic/isometric recording e) Macroscopic INa changes in proportion to fast and slow components of gating current in squid axon\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence with family, friends, students, and colleagues; lab notes covering over fifty years of ongoing research; manuscripts of papers and book, both published and unpublished; teaching materials including lecture notes and slides; conference posters; and personal documents recording his youth and private life. Most of the materials are printed or hand-written papers, along with a small number of scientific photographs and slides.\n \tExamples of topics covered in his professional work include: a) Gating charge voltage dependence on holding potential, predicted by expo-exponential model b) Na+ permeability change predicted proportional to gating current c) X-ray survival as Gompertz growth in number killed d) Muscle chamber with strain gauge adapted for isotonic/isometric recording e) Macroscopic INa changes in proportion to fast and slow components of gating current in squid axon"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for this collection cannot be determined. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for this collection cannot be determined. All requests for permission to publish or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Director of University Libraries. Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Florida State University Libraries as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the researcher."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ef3d6acf0f45483dc2688994c8216df9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eDocuments pertaining to FSU biology professor Dr. Dexter M. 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