{"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.page=2\u0026page=519\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.page=2\u0026page=518\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.page=2\u0026page=520\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?facet.page=2\u0026page=54914\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":519,"next_page":520,"prev_page":518,"total_pages":54914,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":5180,"total_count":549136,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49250","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1965-1968","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49250#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_49250","ref_ssm":["aspace_49250","aspace_49250"],"id":"2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49250","title_filing_ssi":"1965-1968","title_ssm":["1965-1968"],"title_tesim":["1965-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1965-1968"],"text":["1965-1968","University of Central Florida Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. 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Gambrell, Jr., was the first Vice-President for Academic Affairs of Florida Technological University, serving from 1967 until 1978. During his tenure at FTU, Dr. Gambrell was also a faculty member in the College of Engineering. He received his Bachelor of Art degree at Florida Southern College; Bachelor of Science Degree at Clemson University; Master of Business Administration at West Coast University; Master of Science and Engineering at the University of Florida; an honorary LL.D. at Southern California Institute of Law; and, his Ph.D. at Purdue University. Dr. Gambrell came to FTU from Arizona State University. During his eleven years at FTU/UCF, he was a member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers; the American Society of Military Engineers; and, the American Association of Engineering Societies. Dr. Gambrell's push for accreditation of academic programs in the engineering field during his appointment at FTU is amongst his most notable achievements. Additionally, during Gambrell's term at FTU/UCF, a priority was placed on research projects. In the  Central Florida Future's  article, dated March 12, 1976, Dr. Gambrell states that FTU was rated 5% higher than the national average in receiving research funding. ","During his tenure, Dr. Gambrell was a recipient of numerous awards as Who's Who in Engineering; Who's Who in American College and University Administration; Who's Who in American Education; Distinguished Service Award for the College of Engineering at the University of Central Florida; Distinguished Alumnus Award at Purdue University; Engineer of the Year 1993-1994 for Georgia Society of Professional Engineers; Distinguished Industrial Engineer at Purdue University; Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Industrial Engineering Educator Award; and, Frank and Lilian Gilbreth Distinguished Service Award. Since leaving the University of Central Florida in 1978, Dr. Gambrell has held positions at West Coast University, Mercer University, and Mercer Engineering Research Center. A retired Lt. Colonel of the U.S. Army Reserve, Dr. Gambrell currently resides in Winter Haven, Florida.","Collection processed by and finding aid prepared by Nava Cohen in 2009. All material have been placed into acid free legal-sized folders, rusty paper clips and staples have been removed and replaced with plastic paper clips. Photographs have been placed into archival sleeves. Social Security numbers have been blacked out or removed from the collection. Select items have been removed from their folders and notes containing information pertaining to these items have been included in these folders. These items were removed and shredded to protect individuals' privacy. The finding aid was updated for consistency among all collections by Mary Rubin in 2012, resulting in edition 2. 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During his tenure at FTU, Dr. Gambrell was also a faculty member in the College of Engineering. He received his Bachelor of Art degree at Florida Southern College; Bachelor of Science Degree at Clemson University; Master of Business Administration at West Coast University; Master of Science and Engineering at the University of Florida; an honorary LL.D. at Southern California Institute of Law; and, his Ph.D. at Purdue University. Dr. Gambrell came to FTU from Arizona State University. During his eleven years at FTU/UCF, he was a member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers; the American Society of Military Engineers; and, the American Association of Engineering Societies. Dr. Gambrell's push for accreditation of academic programs in the engineering field during his appointment at FTU is amongst his most notable achievements. Additionally, during Gambrell's term at FTU/UCF, a priority was placed on research projects. In the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCentral Florida Future's\u003c/emph\u003e article, dated March 12, 1976, Dr. Gambrell states that FTU was rated 5% higher than the national average in receiving research funding. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, Dr. Gambrell was a recipient of numerous awards as Who's Who in Engineering; Who's Who in American College and University Administration; Who's Who in American Education; Distinguished Service Award for the College of Engineering at the University of Central Florida; Distinguished Alumnus Award at Purdue University; Engineer of the Year 1993-1994 for Georgia Society of Professional Engineers; Distinguished Industrial Engineer at Purdue University; Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Industrial Engineering Educator Award; and, Frank and Lilian Gilbreth Distinguished Service Award. Since leaving the University of Central Florida in 1978, Dr. Gambrell has held positions at West Coast University, Mercer University, and Mercer Engineering Research Center. A retired Lt. Colonel of the U.S. Army Reserve, Dr. Gambrell currently resides in Winter Haven, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carroll B. Gambrell, Jr., was the first Vice-President for Academic Affairs of Florida Technological University, serving from 1967 until 1978. During his tenure at FTU, Dr. Gambrell was also a faculty member in the College of Engineering. He received his Bachelor of Art degree at Florida Southern College; Bachelor of Science Degree at Clemson University; Master of Business Administration at West Coast University; Master of Science and Engineering at the University of Florida; an honorary LL.D. at Southern California Institute of Law; and, his Ph.D. at Purdue University. Dr. Gambrell came to FTU from Arizona State University. During his eleven years at FTU/UCF, he was a member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers; the American Society of Military Engineers; and, the American Association of Engineering Societies. Dr. Gambrell's push for accreditation of academic programs in the engineering field during his appointment at FTU is amongst his most notable achievements. Additionally, during Gambrell's term at FTU/UCF, a priority was placed on research projects. In the  Central Florida Future's  article, dated March 12, 1976, Dr. Gambrell states that FTU was rated 5% higher than the national average in receiving research funding. ","During his tenure, Dr. Gambrell was a recipient of numerous awards as Who's Who in Engineering; Who's Who in American College and University Administration; Who's Who in American Education; Distinguished Service Award for the College of Engineering at the University of Central Florida; Distinguished Alumnus Award at Purdue University; Engineer of the Year 1993-1994 for Georgia Society of Professional Engineers; Distinguished Industrial Engineer at Purdue University; Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Industrial Engineering Educator Award; and, Frank and Lilian Gilbreth Distinguished Service Award. Since leaving the University of Central Florida in 1978, Dr. Gambrell has held positions at West Coast University, Mercer University, and Mercer Engineering Research Center. A retired Lt. Colonel of the U.S. Army Reserve, Dr. Gambrell currently resides in Winter Haven, Florida."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOffice of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. 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The finding aid was updated for consistency among all collections by Mary Rubin in 2012, resulting in edition 2. The finding aid was placed into Archon, with adjustments made for Archon and resulting in edition 3, by Mary Rubin in 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor more information on university archives, please see our website. Further information about this collection may be found in the Office of the President Records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For more information on university archives, please see our website. Further information about this collection may be found in the Office of the President Records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: State University System, 1966-1984, contains information regarding Florida Technological University's involvement in the Florida State University System (SUS).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Academic Affairs, 1966-1980, contains information regarding academic programs offered at Florida Technological University, the branch campuses at the time, and academic university related administrative affairs including class schedules, academic calendar, and registration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Student Affairs, 1967-1978, includes information from student events, activities, and services offered at Florida Technological University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: University Relations, 1964-1978, contains information on Florida Technological University's relations with the community, government, and other universities throughout Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Administration and Finance, 1967-1979, includes material on faculty employment, university budget, and financial information for purchases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Vice President's Office, 1967-1978, includes material gathered by VP Gambrell pertaining to his interests in the engineering field, correspondence, and newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: State University System, 1966-1984, contains information regarding Florida Technological University's involvement in the Florida State University System (SUS).","Series II: Academic Affairs, 1966-1980, contains information regarding academic programs offered at Florida Technological University, the branch campuses at the time, and academic university related administrative affairs including class schedules, academic calendar, and registration.","Series III: Student Affairs, 1967-1978, includes information from student events, activities, and services offered at Florida Technological University.","Series IV: University Relations, 1964-1978, contains information on Florida Technological University's relations with the community, government, and other universities throughout Florida.","Series V: Administration and Finance, 1967-1979, includes material on faculty employment, university budget, and financial information for purchases.","Series VI: Vice President's Office, 1967-1978, includes material gathered by VP Gambrell pertaining to his interests in the engineering field, correspondence, and newspaper articles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Date accessioned: 2021/03/24","Starting in 1880, the FSU Bulletins contain rules for students, department and course descriptions, schedule of classes, as well as war-time campus defense initiatives, illustrated guides to campus, and advice for incoming freshman.","http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:fsubulletins","Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDate accessioned: 2021/03/24\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Date accessioned: 2021/03/24"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida State University Bulletins, HUA 2021-014, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/HUA-2021-012\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida State University Bulletins, HUA 2021-014, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/HUA-2021-012"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStarting in 1880, the FSU Bulletins contain rules for students, department and course descriptions, schedule of classes, as well as war-time campus defense initiatives, illustrated guides to campus, and advice for incoming freshman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:fsubulletins\"\u003ehttp://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:fsubulletins\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Starting in 1880, the FSU Bulletins contain rules for students, department and course descriptions, schedule of classes, as well as war-time campus defense initiatives, illustrated guides to campus, and advice for incoming freshman.","http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:fsubulletins"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":29,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"070bdf378c8dc7f427ea7582","timestamp":"2026-04-15T05:33:55.918Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/070bdf378c8dc7f427ea7582_aspace_f4e16b1c95fde0e3b5e1b1c240f7ff30"}},{"id":"2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49466","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1965-1970","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49466#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_49466","ref_ssm":["aspace_49466","aspace_49466"],"id":"2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49466","title_filing_ssi":"1965-1970","title_ssm":["1965-1970"],"title_tesim":["1965-1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1965-1970"],"text":["1965-1970","University of Central Florida Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. Gambrell, Jr. Records, 1964-1984, bulk 1967-1978","University Relations, 1964-1978","Folder 536-550","Universities, 1964-1978","University of South Florida, 1972-1978","Folder 547","Item 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/28974"],"component_level_isim":[6],"parent_ids_ssim":["2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97","2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49399","2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49450","2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49451","2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49463","2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97_aspace_49465"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University of Central Florida Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. Gambrell, Jr. Records, 1964-1984, bulk 1967-1978","University Relations, 1964-1978","Folder 536-550","Universities, 1964-1978","University of South Florida, 1972-1978","Folder 547"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University of Central Florida Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. Gambrell, Jr. Records, 1964-1984, bulk 1967-1978","University Relations, 1964-1978","Folder 536-550","Universities, 1964-1978","University of South Florida, 1972-1978","Folder 547"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File","Subseries","File","File"],"unitid_ssm":["Item 1","/repositories/2/archival_objects/28974"],"repository_ssim":["UCF University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["University of Central Florida Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. Gambrell, Jr. Records, 1964-1984, bulk 1967-1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":565,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The entire collection is open for research.\nSelected folders are restricted for access. Users may request access to these folders by contacting the department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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Gambrell, Jr. Records"],"ead_ssi":"2f898b28a923f2e0edeaea97","unitdate_ssm":["1964-1984","1967-1978"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1964-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA03B","/repositories/2/resources/114"],"text":["UA03B","/repositories/2/resources/114","University of Central Florida Office of the Vice-President for Academic Affairs: Carroll B. Gambrell, Jr. Records, 1964-1984, bulk 1967-1978","Academic Affairs","Accreditation (Education) -- Law and legislation -- Florida","College Administrators","Industrial engineering -- United States","Industrial Engineers","Universities and colleges -- Florida","Universities and colleges -- Departments","Universities and colleges -- Employees","Universities and colleges -- Employees -- Salaries, etc. -- United States","Universities and colleges -- Faculty","Universities and colleges -- Finance","Universities and colleges -- Public relations","Universities and colleges -- Departments -- Administration","The entire collection is open for research.\nSelected folders are restricted for access. Users may request access to these folders by contacting the department.","Collection Identifier: CFU1978_01","This collection is arranged in six series by subject, following the organization established by the Administration of the University. 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Gambrell, Jr., was the first Vice-President for Academic Affairs of Florida Technological University, serving from 1967 until 1978. During his tenure at FTU, Dr. Gambrell was also a faculty member in the College of Engineering. He received his Bachelor of Art degree at Florida Southern College; Bachelor of Science Degree at Clemson University; Master of Business Administration at West Coast University; Master of Science and Engineering at the University of Florida; an honorary LL.D. at Southern California Institute of Law; and, his Ph.D. at Purdue University. Dr. Gambrell came to FTU from Arizona State University. During his eleven years at FTU/UCF, he was a member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers; the American Society of Military Engineers; and, the American Association of Engineering Societies. Dr. Gambrell's push for accreditation of academic programs in the engineering field during his appointment at FTU is amongst his most notable achievements. Additionally, during Gambrell's term at FTU/UCF, a priority was placed on research projects. In the  Central Florida Future's  article, dated March 12, 1976, Dr. Gambrell states that FTU was rated 5% higher than the national average in receiving research funding. ","During his tenure, Dr. Gambrell was a recipient of numerous awards as Who's Who in Engineering; Who's Who in American College and University Administration; Who's Who in American Education; Distinguished Service Award for the College of Engineering at the University of Central Florida; Distinguished Alumnus Award at Purdue University; Engineer of the Year 1993-1994 for Georgia Society of Professional Engineers; Distinguished Industrial Engineer at Purdue University; Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Industrial Engineering Educator Award; and, Frank and Lilian Gilbreth Distinguished Service Award. 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Dr. Gambrell came to FTU from Arizona State University. During his eleven years at FTU/UCF, he was a member of the Institute of Industrial Engineers; the American Society of Military Engineers; and, the American Association of Engineering Societies. Dr. Gambrell's push for accreditation of academic programs in the engineering field during his appointment at FTU is amongst his most notable achievements. Additionally, during Gambrell's term at FTU/UCF, a priority was placed on research projects. In the  Central Florida Future's  article, dated March 12, 1976, Dr. Gambrell states that FTU was rated 5% higher than the national average in receiving research funding. 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Further information about this collection may be found in the Office of the President Records."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: State University System, 1966-1984, contains information regarding Florida Technological University's involvement in the Florida State University System (SUS).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Academic Affairs, 1966-1980, contains information regarding academic programs offered at Florida Technological University, the branch campuses at the time, and academic university related administrative affairs including class schedules, academic calendar, and registration.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Student Affairs, 1967-1978, includes information from student events, activities, and services offered at Florida Technological University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: University Relations, 1964-1978, contains information on Florida Technological University's relations with the community, government, and other universities throughout Florida.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Administration and Finance, 1967-1979, includes material on faculty employment, university budget, and financial information for purchases.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Vice President's Office, 1967-1978, includes material gathered by VP Gambrell pertaining to his interests in the engineering field, correspondence, and newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: State University System, 1966-1984, contains information regarding Florida Technological University's involvement in the Florida State University System (SUS).","Series II: Academic Affairs, 1966-1980, contains information regarding academic programs offered at Florida Technological University, the branch campuses at the time, and academic university related administrative affairs including class schedules, academic calendar, and registration.","Series III: Student Affairs, 1967-1978, includes information from student events, activities, and services offered at Florida Technological University.","Series IV: University Relations, 1964-1978, contains information on Florida Technological University's relations with the community, government, and other universities throughout Florida.","Series V: Administration and Finance, 1967-1979, includes material on faculty employment, university budget, and financial information for purchases.","Series VI: Vice President's Office, 1967-1978, includes material gathered by VP Gambrell pertaining to his interests in the engineering field, correspondence, and newspaper articles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. 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Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Special Collections \u0026 University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. Patrons are responsible for determining the proper copyright holder and securing permission to publish, quote, broadcast, exhibit, or perform that work.\nFIU Special Collections will provide all available information about the copyright holder of materials found in our collections. ","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#2","_nest_parent_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05_aspace_59702","_root_":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","timestamp":"2026-04-15T02:07:54.501Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","title_ssm":["Mana-Zucca Collection"],"title_tesim":["Mana-Zucca Collection"],"ead_ssi":"07e83d7fe9b8feb6c0518c05","unitdate_ssm":["1912-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1912-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69"],"text":["SPC7005","/repositories/2/resources/69","Mana-Zucca Collection, 1912-1989","The collection is open for research.","Manna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. The daughter of Polish immigrants, she possessed an early aptitude for the piano, and was quickly recognized as a child prodigy. As early as age seven, she began learning proficient use of the piano at the New York College of Music by pianist Alexander Lambert. At age eight, she made her piano debut at the New York Symphony Orchestra. Early on, she studied and toured Europe with such composers as Leopold Godowsky, Ferruccio Busoni, and Herman Spielter. Throughout her career, she composed 366 piano pieces entitled \"My Musical Calendar.\" The University of Miami awarded Manna-Zucca with an honorary doctorate degree in Music on May 19, 1974. She passed away in her home in Miami, Florida, on March 11, 1981.","The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general","The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. 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","For more information please visit: https://library.fiu.edu/find/copyright/general"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["102 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["102 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions of Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManna-Zucca, whose birth name was Gizella Zuccamanof, was born on December 25, 1885, in New York City, United States. 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She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. She was a child prodigy who began composing at an early age and traveled the world, first performing the works of famous composers and later writing her own musical compositions. This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights: In copyright. Standardized rights statement: https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections \u0026amp; University Archives provides copies of materials in our collections for private study, scholarship, or research. 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This collection is comprised of eight series, spanning over 100 boxes is housed in the Special Collections and University Archives Department at Florida International University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Mana-Zucca Collection contains the works, personal papers, photograph albums, scrapbooks, handwritten music and compositions of the American actress, singer, pianist and composer Augusta Zuckerman. 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 53","case 23"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubject: \nSenator Jim King wishes FSU a Happy 150th\nSesquicentennial\n150th\nAlumni\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1857 FSU Seal signs on West Tennessee, University Center and Westcott\nInterview: \nSenator Jim King\nType: \nA-roll\nB-roll\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Subject: \nSenator Jim King wishes FSU a Happy 150th\nSesquicentennial\n150th\nAlumni","1857 FSU Seal signs on West Tennessee, University Center and Westcott\nInterview: \nSenator Jim King\nType: \nA-roll\nB-roll"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#407","_nest_parent_":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc_aspace_b795b38e194b2303dbec0cde11bb3a9d","_root_":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","timestamp":"2026-04-15T05:45:08.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","title_ssm":["University Communications Collection"],"title_tesim":["University Communications Collection"],"ead_ssi":"8030186565dd6cea11cc22bc","unitdate_ssm":["1940-2013","1990-2013"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1990-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["HUA 2016-009","/repositories/10/resources/1899"],"text":["HUA 2016-009","/repositories/10/resources/1899","University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013","Contents of this collection are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","See also Technical Access note below. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","The Office of University Communications supports Florida State University by maximizing awareness and appreciation for the university's mission and impact while highlighting its distinctiveness and advancing the university's reputation.","Date accessioned: 2016/07/22","Content of audiovisual media may not be immediately accessible to researchers. For more information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu.","HUA 2016-098","This collection contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications at Florida State University. The vertical files include press releases, news clippings, promotional material, correspondence, and more. The audiovisual media consists of 2290 Beta tapes, 880 DVCPRO tapes, 765 DVDs, 461 Mini DV tapes, 24 VHS tapes, 26 CD-Rs and 25 items of other formats covering topics such as athletics, research at FSU, student affairs, anniversaries and homecoming celebrations, FSU in the media and more.","Select materials from this collection have been digitized, or are born-digital materials, and are available online through the  FSU Digital Library","Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.","Contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications. Most of the material was produced between 1995 and 2013.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["HUA 2016-009","/repositories/10/resources/1899"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"collection_title_tesim":["University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"collection_ssim":["University Communications Collection, 1940-2013, bulk 1990-2013"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["76 boxes","76 Linear Feet","2254 Cassettes","881 Cassettes","765 items","462 Cassettes","40 Cassettes","28 items","24 Cassettes","5 Cassettes","2 Cassettes","2 items","2 items","1 Cassettes","1 items","75 boxes","75 Linear Feet","151 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["76 boxes","76 Linear Feet","2254 Cassettes","881 Cassettes","765 items","462 Cassettes","40 Cassettes","28 items","24 Cassettes","5 Cassettes","2 Cassettes","2 items","2 items","1 Cassettes","1 items","75 boxes","75 Linear Feet","151 boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["76 boxes of audiovisual material","76 linear feet of audiovisual material","Betacam","DVCPRO","DVD","Mini DV","U-Matic 3/4","CD-R","VHS","DVCPRO L","DVCAM","Mini DVD","MiniDisc","Audio Cassette","Box of slides","75 boxes of subject files","75 linear feet of subject files"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContents of this collection are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also Technical Access note below. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Contents of this collection are restricted. Access will be reviewed upon request by curators, screening for confidential or sensitive information. Contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information about access to these materials.","See also Technical Access note below. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of University Communications supports Florida State University by maximizing awareness and appreciation for the university's mission and impact while highlighting its distinctiveness and advancing the university's reputation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of University Communications supports Florida State University by maximizing awareness and appreciation for the university's mission and impact while highlighting its distinctiveness and advancing the university's reputation."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDate accessioned: 2016/07/22\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Date accessioned: 2016/07/22"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent of audiovisual media may not be immediately accessible to researchers. For more information, please contact Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Access"],"phystech_tesim":["Content of audiovisual media may not be immediately accessible to researchers. For more information, please contact Special Collections \u0026 Archives staff at lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity Communications Collection, HUA 2016-098, Special Collections \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/HPUA-2016-009\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["University Communications Collection, HUA 2016-098, Special Collections \u0026 Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. https://purl.lib.fsu.edu/fa/HPUA-2016-009"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHUA 2016-098\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["HUA 2016-098"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications at Florida State University. The vertical files include press releases, news clippings, promotional material, correspondence, and more. The audiovisual media consists of 2290 Beta tapes, 880 DVCPRO tapes, 765 DVDs, 461 Mini DV tapes, 24 VHS tapes, 26 CD-Rs and 25 items of other formats covering topics such as athletics, research at FSU, student affairs, anniversaries and homecoming celebrations, FSU in the media and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from this collection have been digitized, or are born-digital materials, and are available online through the \u003cextref href=\"https://repository.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:huauniversitycommunications\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications at Florida State University. The vertical files include press releases, news clippings, promotional material, correspondence, and more. The audiovisual media consists of 2290 Beta tapes, 880 DVCPRO tapes, 765 DVDs, 461 Mini DV tapes, 24 VHS tapes, 26 CD-Rs and 25 items of other formats covering topics such as athletics, research at FSU, student affairs, anniversaries and homecoming celebrations, FSU in the media and more.","Select materials from this collection have been digitized, or are born-digital materials, and are available online through the  FSU Digital Library"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5721fca542b589212104877ea6eef86a\"\u003eContains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications. Most of the material was produced between 1995 and 2013.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains vertical files, photographs, and audiovisual material from University Communications. 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","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Box 292 may be accessed a the Claude Pepper Library."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. 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","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Box 292 may be accessed a the Claude Pepper Library.","This collection is organized into five series: General Subjects, Buildings, Faculty, Presidents, and Negatives. The Negatives series has been separated based on format and housing concerns. The remaining four series contain photographic prints and other visual ephemera. Some series have been sub-divided based on the subject-matter.","Date accessioned: 2016/01/21","Related FSU photographic collections can be found in this repository:\n Heritage Protocol Postcard Collection, 1916-1970, HP-2007-00P,  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HP-2007-00P Florida Flambeau/FSView Photograph Collection, 1970-1999, MSS 2006-01,  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2006-012","The Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection is a large and diverse array of visual materials ranging from the late-19th to the 21st century. Formats represented include black and white and color photographic prints; 35mm, 120mm, and 4x5 acetate negatives; and other various kinds of small photographic ephemera including postcards, leaflets, and promotional materials. The bulk of this collection was produced by an official Florida State University entity or department with the express purpose of publication, dissemination, or otherwise public-facing service for the University.\n The majority of photographs pertain to specific academic departments, student clubs and activities, athletics organizations, and faculty and staff. The collection mostly covers the 20th century, encompassing the formation and existence of Florida State College for Women (FSCW, 1905 - 1947) to the creation and growth of Florida State University (1947 – Present). There are also some materials related to West Florida Seminary (1884-1901) and Florida State College (1901-1905). Date ranges for specific folders have been provided where appropriate and applicable.","Select materials from the Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library .","Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.","FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Florida State University","Florida State University. Alumni Association","West Florida Seminary (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State College","Florida Female College","Tarpon Club","Florida State College for Women--Sports","Murphree, Albert Alexander, 1870-1927","Diamond, Ruby, 1886-1982","Owen, Ruth Bryan, 1885-1954","Montgomery, Katherine W. (Katherine Williams), 1894-1958","English"],"unitid_tesim":["HUA 2016-003","/repositories/10/resources/1694"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990"],"collection_ssim":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990"],"repository_ssm":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Florida State University"],"creator_ssim":["Florida State University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Florida State University"],"creators_ssim":["Florida State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Reading Room"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida State University--Faculty","Class reunions","Flastacowo Yearbook Staff","Cotillions.","Student clubs and organizations","Sports for women","Students.","Marching Chiefs","Photographs","Aerial photographs","Buildings and Grounds Photographs","Yearbook photograph"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida State University--Faculty","Class reunions","Flastacowo Yearbook Staff","Cotillions.","Student clubs and organizations","Sports for women","Students.","Marching Chiefs","Photographs","Aerial photographs","Buildings and Grounds Photographs","Yearbook photograph"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["246 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["246 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Aerial photographs","Buildings and Grounds Photographs","Yearbook photograph"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. 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Some series have been sub-divided based on the subject-matter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series: General Subjects, Buildings, Faculty, Presidents, and Negatives. The Negatives series has been separated based on format and housing concerns. The remaining four series contain photographic prints and other visual ephemera. 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Formats represented include black and white and color photographic prints; 35mm, 120mm, and 4x5 acetate negatives; and other various kinds of small photographic ephemera including postcards, leaflets, and promotional materials. The bulk of this collection was produced by an official Florida State University entity or department with the express purpose of publication, dissemination, or otherwise public-facing service for the University.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe majority of photographs pertain to specific academic departments, student clubs and activities, athletics organizations, and faculty and staff. The collection mostly covers the 20th century, encompassing the formation and existence of Florida State College for Women (FSCW, 1905 - 1947) to the creation and growth of Florida State University (1947 \u0026#x2013; Present). There are also some materials related to West Florida Seminary (1884-1901) and Florida State College (1901-1905). Date ranges for specific folders have been provided where appropriate and applicable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from the Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection have been digitized and are available through the \u003cextref href=\"https://www.diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:huaphotographcollection\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection is a large and diverse array of visual materials ranging from the late-19th to the 21st century. Formats represented include black and white and color photographic prints; 35mm, 120mm, and 4x5 acetate negatives; and other various kinds of small photographic ephemera including postcards, leaflets, and promotional materials. The bulk of this collection was produced by an official Florida State University entity or department with the express purpose of publication, dissemination, or otherwise public-facing service for the University.\n The majority of photographs pertain to specific academic departments, student clubs and activities, athletics organizations, and faculty and staff. The collection mostly covers the 20th century, encompassing the formation and existence of Florida State College for Women (FSCW, 1905 - 1947) to the creation and growth of Florida State University (1947 – Present). There are also some materials related to West Florida Seminary (1884-1901) and Florida State College (1901-1905). Date ranges for specific folders have been provided where appropriate and applicable.","Select materials from the Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida State University. 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(Katherine Williams), 1894-1958"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":829,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"00c5d456af4613257ac9228c","timestamp":"2026-04-15T05:07:57.122Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_cdd6fd38c2e3227c3e8170f69bb64b09"}},{"id":"00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1965 (35mm): 5M62 - 5M179","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1","ref_ssm":["aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1","aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1"],"id":"00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1","title_filing_ssi":"1965 (35mm): 5M62 - 5M179","title_ssm":["1965 (35mm): 5M62 - 5M179"],"title_tesim":["1965 (35mm): 5M62 - 5M179"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1965 (35mm): 5M62 - 5M179"],"text":["1965 (35mm): 5M62 - 5M179","Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990","Negatives","University Communications","/repositories/10/archival_objects/189158","box 67","folder 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ids_ssim":["00c5d456af4613257ac9228c","00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_4537b5e2ddc67adb30f7baed01df0874","00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_07539503aa39a5cf2c0b5de52ed4896e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990","Negatives","University Communications"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990","Negatives","University Communications"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/10/archival_objects/189158"],"repository_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, 1880-2010, bulk 1910-1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":625,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to all researchers. 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","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Box 292 may be accessed a the Claude Pepper Library.","This collection is organized into five series: General Subjects, Buildings, Faculty, Presidents, and Negatives. The Negatives series has been separated based on format and housing concerns. The remaining four series contain photographic prints and other visual ephemera. 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The bulk of this collection was produced by an official Florida State University entity or department with the express purpose of publication, dissemination, or otherwise public-facing service for the University.\n The majority of photographs pertain to specific academic departments, student clubs and activities, athletics organizations, and faculty and staff. The collection mostly covers the 20th century, encompassing the formation and existence of Florida State College for Women (FSCW, 1905 - 1947) to the creation and growth of Florida State University (1947 – Present). There are also some materials related to West Florida Seminary (1884-1901) and Florida State College (1901-1905). 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Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Reading Room"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Florida State University--Faculty","Class reunions","Flastacowo Yearbook Staff","Cotillions.","Student clubs and organizations","Sports for women","Students.","Marching Chiefs","Photographs","Aerial photographs","Buildings and Grounds Photographs","Yearbook photograph"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Florida State University--Faculty","Class reunions","Flastacowo Yearbook Staff","Cotillions.","Student clubs and organizations","Sports for women","Students.","Marching Chiefs","Photographs","Aerial photographs","Buildings and Grounds Photographs","Yearbook photograph"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["246 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["246 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Aerial photographs","Buildings and Grounds Photographs","Yearbook photograph"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to all researchers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 292 may be accessed a the Claude Pepper Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to all researchers. ","This collection is in an offsite storage location. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu with requests for access or for more information.","Box 292 may be accessed a the Claude Pepper Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into five series: General Subjects, Buildings, Faculty, Presidents, and Negatives. The Negatives series has been separated based on format and housing concerns. The remaining four series contain photographic prints and other visual ephemera. Some series have been sub-divided based on the subject-matter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series: General Subjects, Buildings, Faculty, Presidents, and Negatives. The Negatives series has been separated based on format and housing concerns. The remaining four series contain photographic prints and other visual ephemera. Some series have been sub-divided based on the subject-matter."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDate accessioned: 2016/01/21\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Date accessioned: 2016/01/21"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorida State University Historical Photograph Collection, Special Collections and \u0026amp; Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. \u003ca href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HPUA-2016-003\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HPUA-2016-003\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection, Special Collections and \u0026 Archives, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HPUA-2016-003 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated FSU photographic collections can be found in this repository:\n\u003cli\u003eHeritage Protocol Postcard Collection, 1916-1970, HP-2007-00P, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HP-2007-00P\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HP-2007-00P\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlorida Flambeau/FSView Photograph Collection, 1970-1999, MSS 2006-01, \u003cextref href=\"http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2006-012\"\u003ehttp://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2006-012\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related FSU photographic collections can be found in this repository:\n Heritage Protocol Postcard Collection, 1916-1970, HP-2007-00P,  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/HP-2007-00P Florida Flambeau/FSView Photograph Collection, 1970-1999, MSS 2006-01,  http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/MSS_2006-012"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection is a large and diverse array of visual materials ranging from the late-19th to the 21st century. Formats represented include black and white and color photographic prints; 35mm, 120mm, and 4x5 acetate negatives; and other various kinds of small photographic ephemera including postcards, leaflets, and promotional materials. The bulk of this collection was produced by an official Florida State University entity or department with the express purpose of publication, dissemination, or otherwise public-facing service for the University.\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe majority of photographs pertain to specific academic departments, student clubs and activities, athletics organizations, and faculty and staff. The collection mostly covers the 20th century, encompassing the formation and existence of Florida State College for Women (FSCW, 1905 - 1947) to the creation and growth of Florida State University (1947 \u0026#x2013; Present). There are also some materials related to West Florida Seminary (1884-1901) and Florida State College (1901-1905). Date ranges for specific folders have been provided where appropriate and applicable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelect materials from the Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection have been digitized and are available through the \u003cextref href=\"https://www.diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:huaphotographcollection\"\u003eFSU Digital Library\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Online Copies Available"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection is a large and diverse array of visual materials ranging from the late-19th to the 21st century. Formats represented include black and white and color photographic prints; 35mm, 120mm, and 4x5 acetate negatives; and other various kinds of small photographic ephemera including postcards, leaflets, and promotional materials. The bulk of this collection was produced by an official Florida State University entity or department with the express purpose of publication, dissemination, or otherwise public-facing service for the University.\n The majority of photographs pertain to specific academic departments, student clubs and activities, athletics organizations, and faculty and staff. The collection mostly covers the 20th century, encompassing the formation and existence of Florida State College for Women (FSCW, 1905 - 1947) to the creation and growth of Florida State University (1947 – Present). There are also some materials related to West Florida Seminary (1884-1901) and Florida State College (1901-1905). Date ranges for specific folders have been provided where appropriate and applicable.","Select materials from the Florida State University Historical Photograph Collection have been digitized and are available through the  FSU Digital Library ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply to works in this collection. Re-use or copying beyond Fair Use may require permission from the rights-holder. Please contact lib-specialcollections@fsu.edu for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida State University. Alumni Association","West Florida Seminary (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State College","Florida Female College","Tarpon Club","Florida State College for Women--Sports","Murphree, Albert Alexander, 1870-1927","Diamond, Ruby, 1886-1982","Owen, Ruth Bryan, 1885-1954","Montgomery, Katherine W. (Katherine Williams), 1894-1958"],"names_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Florida State University","Florida State University. Alumni Association","West Florida Seminary (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State College","Florida Female College","Tarpon Club","Florida State College for Women--Sports","Murphree, Albert Alexander, 1870-1927","Diamond, Ruby, 1886-1982","Owen, Ruth Bryan, 1885-1954","Montgomery, Katherine W. (Katherine Williams), 1894-1958"],"corpname_ssim":["FSU Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Florida State University","Florida State University. Alumni Association","West Florida Seminary (Tallahassee, Fla.)","Florida State College","Florida Female College","Tarpon Club","Florida State College for Women--Sports"],"persname_ssim":["Murphree, Albert Alexander, 1870-1927","Diamond, Ruby, 1886-1982","Owen, Ruth Bryan, 1885-1954","Montgomery, Katherine W. (Katherine Williams), 1894-1958"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":829,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"00c5d456af4613257ac9228c","timestamp":"2026-04-15T05:07:57.122Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/00c5d456af4613257ac9228c_aspace_602c3a7dfe4c90e19215aec9b9e0fcf1"}},{"id":"39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd_aspace_171555","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1965 - Assorted Documents","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd_aspace_171555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003eid2449\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd_aspace_171555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_171555","ref_ssm":["aspace_171555","aspace_171555"],"id":"39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd_aspace_171555","title_filing_ssi":"1965 - Assorted Documents","title_ssm":["1965 - Assorted Documents"],"title_tesim":["1965 - Assorted Documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1965 - Assorted Documents"],"text":["1965 - Assorted Documents","Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers, 1949-2023, Date acquired: 01/10/2010, bulk 1982-2001","1949-1971","Folder 9","/repositories/2/archival_objects/23447","box 1","folder 9","id2449"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd","39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd_aspace_171549"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers, 1949-2023, Date acquired: 01/10/2010, bulk 1982-2001","1949-1971"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers, 1949-2023, Date acquired: 01/10/2010, bulk 1982-2001","1949-1971"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 9","/repositories/2/archival_objects/23447"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers, 1949-2023, Date acquired: 01/10/2010, bulk 1982-2001"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The materials contained in Box 70 are restricted from general public use.  Researchers with a documented need to access these materials must request approval prior to visiting the Library.  Formal requests may be made to the University of South Florida Tampa- Special Collections Library at (813) 974-2729.\nMaterials protected by HIPAA, FERPA and other privacy laws have been identified and discarded in accordance with archival best practices.\nNewspaper clippings and other print materials determined to be accessible via electronic or print means have been weeded from the collection.  A reference list is included with the print finding aid."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 9"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eid2449\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["id2449"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8","_nest_parent_":"39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd_aspace_171549","_root_":"39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd","timestamp":"2026-04-15T03:25:44.038Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd","title_filing_ssi":"Charles S. Mahan papers, Dr. ","title_ssm":["Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers"],"ead_ssi":"39d86b0070ffec365e6f15cd","unitdate_ssm":["1949-2023","1982-2001","Date acquired: 01/10/2010"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1982-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-2023"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/10/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M51","/repositories/2/resources/161"],"text":["M51","/repositories/2/resources/161","Dr. Charles S. Mahan papers, 1949-2023, Date acquired: 01/10/2010, bulk 1982-2001","Obstetrics","Gynecology, Osteopathic","The materials contained in Box 70 are restricted from general public use.  Researchers with a documented need to access these materials must request approval prior to visiting the Library.  Formal requests may be made to the University of South Florida Tampa- Special Collections Library at (813) 974-2729.\nMaterials protected by HIPAA, FERPA and other privacy laws have been identified and discarded in accordance with archival best practices.\nNewspaper clippings and other print materials determined to be accessible via electronic or print means have been weeded from the collection.  A reference list is included with the print finding aid.","Additional accrual received in Spring 2011 and Spring 2015. New additions from FMHI were added in 2019-2020. Last accural recieved to Special Collections- Tampa in 2023.","Chronological","Charles S. Mahan, M.D., Professor and Dean Emeritus, USF College of Public and The Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies is Dean and Professor Emeritus in the College of Public Health at the University of South Florida and The Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies.  He holds a joint appointment as Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the USF College of Medicine and currently serves as Interim President of the National Board of Public Health Examiners.  Dr. Mahan received his MD degree from Northwestern University and did his residency training at the University of Minnesota where he returned to join the faculty. He moved to Florida in 1974 to be Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Director of Ambulatory Services for Women at the University of Florida and Director of the North Central Florida Maternal and Infant Care Program. From 1988 to 1995 he directed the State Health Department in Florida, and he was Dean of the College of Public Health at the University of South Florida from 1995 to 2002.  He is Past President of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and Chair of the Advisory Committee to the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1997-2003.  He is on the Board of Directors of the Frontier Nursing Service, the National Perinatal Information Center and The Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida. Dr. Mahan served as founding statewide chairperson for the March of Dimes Florida Prematurity Prevention Campaign.  He also chaired the selection committee for the Blue Foundation's annual Sapphire Award and is also on the National HPV Vaccine Advisory Board for the Merck Company.","Note written by ","National Commission to Prevent Infant Mortality papers, Florida Mental Health Institute Research Library, USF Libraries, Tampa, FL.","The papers of Dr. Charles S. Mahan primarily consist of correspondence (memoranda, letters, and emails), grey literature, data sets, administrative documents, publications, and newspaper clippings. The bulk of the collection reflects Mahan's various professional roles in reducing Florida's infant mortality rate, increasing access to proper nutrition for mothers and infants, and educating public health professionals and midwives. Other documents emphasize his tenure at the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (now, Florida Department of Health), the University of Florida, and the University of South Florida.","The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Florida. Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services","Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies","USF Health","University of Florida. 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Mahan","Donation"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Obstetrics","Gynecology, Osteopathic"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Obstetrics","Gynecology, Osteopathic"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["144.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["144.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials contained in Box 70 are restricted from general public use.\u0026#xA0; Researchers with a documented need to access these materials must request approval prior to visiting the Library.\u0026#xA0; Formal requests may be made to the University of South Florida Tampa- Special Collections Library at (813) 974-2729.\nMaterials protected by HIPAA, FERPA and other privacy laws have been identified and discarded in accordance with archival best practices.\nNewspaper clippings and other print materials determined to be accessible via electronic or print means have been weeded from the collection.\u0026#xA0; A reference list is included with the print finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The materials contained in Box 70 are restricted from general public use.  Researchers with a documented need to access these materials must request approval prior to visiting the Library.  Formal requests may be made to the University of South Florida Tampa- Special Collections Library at (813) 974-2729.\nMaterials protected by HIPAA, FERPA and other privacy laws have been identified and discarded in accordance with archival best practices.\nNewspaper clippings and other print materials determined to be accessible via electronic or print means have been weeded from the collection.  A reference list is included with the print finding aid."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accrual received in Spring 2011 and Spring 2015. 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He holds a joint appointment as Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the USF College of Medicine and currently serves as Interim President of the National Board of Public Health Examiners.  Dr. Mahan received his MD degree from Northwestern University and did his residency training at the University of Minnesota where he returned to join the faculty. He moved to Florida in 1974 to be Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Director of Ambulatory Services for Women at the University of Florida and Director of the North Central Florida Maternal and Infant Care Program. From 1988 to 1995 he directed the State Health Department in Florida, and he was Dean of the College of Public Health at the University of South Florida from 1995 to 2002.  He is Past President of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and Chair of the Advisory Committee to the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1997-2003.  He is on the Board of Directors of the Frontier Nursing Service, the National Perinatal Information Center and The Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida. Dr. Mahan served as founding statewide chairperson for the March of Dimes Florida Prematurity Prevention Campaign.  He also chaired the selection committee for the Blue Foundation's annual Sapphire Award and is also on the National HPV Vaccine Advisory Board for the Merck Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles S. Mahan, M.D., Professor and Dean Emeritus, USF College of Public and The Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies is Dean and Professor Emeritus in the College of Public Health at the University of South Florida and The Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies.  He holds a joint appointment as Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the USF College of Medicine and currently serves as Interim President of the National Board of Public Health Examiners.  Dr. Mahan received his MD degree from Northwestern University and did his residency training at the University of Minnesota where he returned to join the faculty. He moved to Florida in 1974 to be Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Director of Ambulatory Services for Women at the University of Florida and Director of the North Central Florida Maternal and Infant Care Program. From 1988 to 1995 he directed the State Health Department in Florida, and he was Dean of the College of Public Health at the University of South Florida from 1995 to 2002.  He is Past President of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and Chair of the Advisory Committee to the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1997-2003.  He is on the Board of Directors of the Frontier Nursing Service, the National Perinatal Information Center and The Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida. Dr. Mahan served as founding statewide chairperson for the March of Dimes Florida Prematurity Prevention Campaign.  He also chaired the selection committee for the Blue Foundation's annual Sapphire Award and is also on the National HPV Vaccine Advisory Board for the Merck Company.","Note written by "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Charles S. Mahan papers, Special Collections, Tampa Library, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Dr. Charles S. 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Other documents emphasize his tenure at the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (now, Florida Department of Health), the University of Florida, and the University of South Florida."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.\u0026#xA0; Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.copyright.gov/%20\"\u003ehttp://www.copyright.gov/\u003c/extref\u003efor more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The contents of this collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"names_coll_ssim":["Florida. Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services","Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies","USF Health","University of Florida. College of Medicine","University of Florida. 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He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.","At the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. ","Although Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. ","In addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.","During the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.","In 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.","Yellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. ","Papers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","The Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. ","Ben Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.","Because of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.","The collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","SERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. ","The \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.","As the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.","SERIES 2: FARM WORKERS","The FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.","Around 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.","The \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. ","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.","SERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES","The WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. ","The \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).","The second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).","The third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.","Yellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. ","The fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. ","SERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES","The fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. ","The first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.","In December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.","SERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.","Accession Processed in 1997. The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image. The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO.  The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically. The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order. WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order. The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically. The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order. Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact. The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.","The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. ","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.","The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.","WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.","The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.","Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.","The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","For current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","Lyrasis Special Collections","These materials are written in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 0193","/repositories/2/resources/7"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945-1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"collection_ssim":["Ben Yellen Papers, 1945-1994"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.40 Electronic file","14.40 linear feet (37 archives boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["14.40 Electronic file","14.40 linear feet (37 archives boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["BIOGRAPHY"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ben Yellen was born on July 2, 1907, in Brooklyn, New York, to Jake and Annie Yellen. He\nattended Boy's High School in Brooklyn, Columbia University and he graduated from Long\nIsland College of Medicine, now called The University of the State of New York Medical\nSchool, in 1931. Given the economic conditions prevalent during the Depression, Yellen\nturned to the government for employment. For the next decade he worked as a physician for\nthe Civilian Conservation Corps and served as a doctor in the Army. In 1942 he settled\npermanently in the town of Brawley in Imperial County, California. He chose Brawley\nlargely for its warm, dry climate, which he thought would be beneficial for his health.\nOnce settled in Imperial Valley Yellen found himself in one of the richest and most\nproductive agricultural regions in the United States. Roughly a decade and a half after\nhis arrival in Brawley Yellen initiated a protracted battle against the large-scale\ngrowers who dominated the region's economy and their representative institutions,\nincluding the Desert Growers Association and, especially, the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict.","At the time of his arrival in Brawley, Yellen joined the local medical society and\nestablished his own practice. He drew his patients primarily from the lower segments of\nImperial Valley's economic system. His treatment of braceros (i.e., Mexican migrant farm\nworkers) led him into the political activities that would occupy the last four decades of\nhis life. In 1956, at the age of 49, Yellen began agitating against the big growers and\nbrought suit against them and the Continental Life Insurance Company for defrauding\nmigrant workers of their medical insurance benefits. This activity led to his expulsion\nfrom the Imperial Valley Medical Society in 1959 on the charges that his early morning\naddresses to migrant workers informing them of their insurance benefits were unethical\nattempts to build his own practice at the cost of the physicians hired to treat the\nbraceros. Yellen continued to practice medicine independently, but his relationship with\nBrawley's Pioneer Memorial Hospital remained strained for the rest of his lifetime.\nAround 1959 or 1960 Yellen's attitude towards the braceros shifted, and he focused his\nwritings and attentions on the domestic farm workers displaced by Mexican immigrants. ","Although Yellen never abandoned his concern for farm workers, in 1961 his interests\nshifted as he expanded his attack on the big growers. At this time he embarked on the\ncrusade for which he is most well known--the lawsuits to enforce the Reclamation Law of\n1902. The central case in this effort was the United States vs the Imperial Irrigation\nDistrict in which Ben Yellen and 123 other citizens of Imperial County acted as amicus\ncuriae, pushing the case through the legal system. In 1980 the Supreme Court ruled in\nthis case that the Reclamation Law did apply in Imperial Valley and that all growers\nreceiving federal irrigation water were restricted to 160 acres per person in the\nhousehold. Before this ruling could take effect however, California Senator Alan Cranston\npassed an amendment in the last days of the session that year exempting Imperial Valley\nfrom the Reclamation Law, thereby nullifying the Supreme Court decision and Yellen's\ngreatest victory. ","In addition to his legal activities, Yellen actively engaged in local electoral politics\nbeginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1990s. Throughout these three decades,\nYellen ran for almost every conceivable local office, always on a platform of restricting\nthe power and influence of the big growers for the benefit of the \"little guy.\" In 1964,\nin his only electoral success, Yellen won a four-year term as a Brawley city councilman.\nTo get his views across to the public, Yellen distributed thousands of his own\nmimeographed newsletters, locally termed \"yellowsheets\" because of the yellow paper he\nused. With a canvas bag thrown over his shoulder, Yellen paced the streets of Imperial\nValley placing thousands of yellowsheets on car seats or under windshield wipers.\nYellen's pamphleteering lessened in the 1970s as his health and mobility declined; as a\nresult he increasingly relied on local newspapers to publish his \"letters to the editor\"\nto disseminate his political ideas.","During the final decade of his life, Yellen found himself in a new battle as the result\nof a malpractice suit following the death of a two-year old boy he injected with a\ncompounded prescription. Although he was ultimately cleared of wrong doing in the boy's\ndeath, his medical license was revoked by the state of California on November 16, 1983.\nHe spent the remainder of his life trying to regain his license. In 1987 he succeeded,\nbut the Board of Medical Quality Assurance placed so many restrictions on his return to\nmedicine that he never resumed an active practice.","In 1993 farm workers reappeared as the focus of Yellen's attention when he initiated a\nlawsuit against Attorney General Janet Reno to stop the flow of illegal Mexican\nimmigrants who took jobs from domestic farm workers. The suit never amounted to anything\ndue to Yellen's death the following year.","Yellen died in his home in Brawley on July 1, 1994, one day before he would have turned\n87. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["ABSTRACT"],"odd_tesim":["Papers of Benjamin L. Yellen (1907-1994), physician and political activist in Brawley,\nCalifornia. Most materials date from 1948 to 1994 and pertain to water, farming and\nmedical issues in Southern California. Typewritten correspondence forms the core of the\ncollection, while newspaper clippings, newsletters and published and government documents\ncompose the supporting materials. The collection is organized into five series: 1)\nYELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL\nACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and 5) BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen Papers, MSS 0193. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Ben Yellen Papers, MSS 0193. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBen Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 2: FARM WORKERS\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eAccession Processed in 1997.\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. \u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eWATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["SCOPE AND CONTENT","Accession Processed in 1997."],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ben Yellen Papers document grassroots social and political activism in the arenas of\nwestern farm labor and water policy. Yellen's correspondence dates from 1948 to 1994 and\nencompasses a variety of topics: migrant farm workers, water policy, tax assessment,\nelectricity rates, local politics, the law, medical malpractice, and the compounding of\nprescriptions. The correspondence in each series is supported by an array of published\nmaterials, as well as documents from the Brawley city government and newsletters from a\nvariety of small organizations. ","Ben Yellen was a loud voice of protest against the entrenched power of California's\ncommercial farmers. Although his primary lawsuit to compel the federal government to\nenforce the 1902 Reclamation Law did not ultimately lead to the redistribution of land in\nImperial Valley, he brought the issue to national attention and caused the big growers\nsignificant discomfort and sizable legal bills. His correspondence and lawsuits allege\nhow the politically and economically powerful interests of Imperial Valley sought to\nsilence him by attacking his medical practice and his personal integrity. His incomplete\nand idiosyncratic collection of newsletters and small publications reveals a web of\nsmall, liberal organizations fighting for the rights of the poor. His crusades against\nthe tax and electricity \"swindles\" illustrate the extent to which the special privileges\nand power of the big growers affected the lives of citizens of Imperial Valley. Finally,\nYellen represented a style of liberalism that mixed a strong desire to do good with a\ndose of paternalism and a powerful sense of individual importance and empowerment.","Because of the scattered way in which Yellen gathered and disseminated information, much\nof the documentation gathered here is incomplete. For example, Yellen acquired the annual\nreports of the Imperial Irrigation District for the years between 1963 and 1990; however,\nnine of the twenty-seven years are missing. Additionally, Yellen solicited information\nabout major water projects in California, Arizona, and Colorado. As a result, the\ncollection contains snippets of data about projects such as the Salt River and Boulder\nCanyon, but not enough information for a coherent study of either topic. Generally\nspeaking, Yellen's correspondence is marred by his rambling prose style and his tendency\nto blur issues together in one letter. His letters are also highly repetitive because\nYellen remained focused on water and related issues for three decades and his ideas about\nthese topics changed little over time.","The collection is organized into five series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR;\n2) FARM WORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; and, 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS.","SERIES 1: YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series provides an overview of Yellen's ideas\nand activities. The series is arranged into two chronological subseries: A) Yellowsheets\nand B) Letters to the Editor. ","The \"Yellowsheets,\" or newsletters, were distributed by hand in the Imperial Valley and\nmailed to people throughout the country. The bulkdates from the 1960s and diminishes\nthrough the 1970s and 1980s. Yellen used the yellowsheets to present his views directly\nto the people of the Imperial Valley and to explain how he thought they were all being\nexploited by the big growers.","As the frequency of yellowsheets declined through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, Yellen\nincreasingly relied on \"Letters to the Editor\" to express his views in public. The\nIMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS and the BRAWLEY NEWS published Yellen's letters beginning in 1960\nand continued to do so until 1992. The majority of this subseries comprises copies of\nprinted letters; however, originals for which we do not have a printed copy and originals\nwhich differ from the printed version are also held.","SERIES 2: FARM WORKERS","The FARM WORKERS series deals with the issue that first drew Yellen into social and\npolitical activism --the plight of Mexican migrant farm laborers. The series is organized\ninto three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and C) Supporting Materials. In the\nlate 1950s, Yellen formed the Committee for the Protection of Mexican Workers when he\nrealized that growers deducted medical insurance premiums from the paychecks of braceros,\nbut the workers themselves received inadequate health care and the Continental Life\nInsurance Company denied them benefits following injury. In addition to the \"insurance\nswindle,\" Yellen pointed out that growers charged workers exorbitant rates for room and\nboard while providing substandard food. Additionally, the growers restricted the number\nof hours braceros worked and thereby severely limited the amount of money they earned.","Around 1960 Yellen shifted his emphasis away from fighting for the rights of Mexican\nworkers to excluding them in favor of domestic farm workers. Yellen maintained both that\ngrowers imported Mexican migrants at the expense of domestic farm workers and that\nImperial Valley's economy suffered because Mexican workers sent their wages home and did\nnot buy goods in local stores.","The \"Correspondence\" subseries (1957-1994) is arranged chronologically and documents both\nthe ill treatment of Mexican workers and Yellen's philosophical shift away from their\ncause. The letters are mainly outgoing of government agencies and individuals, the\nDepartment of Labor, state and national senators, the California Department of\nEmployment, the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, and the Immigration and\nNaturalization Service.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries is also arranged chronologically and documents lawsuit and small\nclaims court appeals filed by workers to gain wages and benefits from the big growers who\nhad cheated them. Yellen initiated, or was in some way involved with, all of these cases.\nThe affidavits and claims contained within these lawsuits provide a glimpse of working\nconditions for farm workers in the late 1950s. ","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries includes financial statements; publications and\nnewsletters by small groups interested in the rights of farm workers, including the\nNational Advisory Committee on Farm Labor and Citizens for Farm Labor; and essays and\nreports about the conditions of farm work in California, including Grace Weist's\ndissertation HEALTH INSURANCE FOR BRACEROS: A STUDY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION\nUNDER PUBLIC LAW #78, for which Yellen helped gather data.","SERIES 3: WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES","The WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES series is the core and largest part of the\nYellen Papers. It is organized into three subseries: A) Correspondence, B) Lawsuits, and\nC) Supporting Material. Yellen discusses a variety of interrelated issues in his\ncorrespondence from 1959 to 1994; the enforcement of the 160 acres limitation; from the\nresidency requirement; the \"tax swindle;\" the \"electricity swindle,\" and electoral\npolitics in Brawley. Throughout his activist career, Yellen identified multiple levels on\nwhich the large land owners exploited the common people of Imperial Valley. He repeatedly\nargued that simple enforcement of the 160 acres limitation was insufficient to curtail\nthe power of the big growers. He doggedly maintained and propagated his beliefs through\nthree and a half decades of letter writing evidenced in this collection. He wrote letters\nto national political figures regularly in attempts to garner their attention to the\nlocal situation. For instance, he wrote to all the presidents, as well as senators and\nrepresentatives in key positions. He frequently wrote to people who were featured in\nnewspaper articles, as well as the authors of articles he found interesting. Running\nthroughout this correspondence are recurring solicitations to lawyers to work on his\nvarious cases, although he was largely unsuccessful and undertook many of his later\ncauses pro per. He also wrote continual solicitations to authors and television programs\nto visit Imperial Valley and publicize the story. In these letters, and others, he\nlamented what he saw as the persecution of his right to free speech by local authorities.\nHe maintained extended correspondence with a few private figures including George Ballis,\nCharles Smith, John Chappell, and his lawyer, Arthur Brunwasser.","The \"Lawsuits\" subseries contains legal documents from US vs Imperial Irrigation District\nand Ben Yellen vs Walter J. Hickel, as well as smaller related cases. The cases are\narranged chronologically by their beginning date and the folders are chronological within\neach case. This subseries also holds Ben Yellen vs Thomas Story, Ricky Macken, and the\nCity of Brawley, in its various manifestations. Yellen initiated this legal effort after\nhe was arrested while distributing his pamphlets at the 1984 Cattle Call Parade. This\nsuit marked the culmination of Yellen's struggle with the City of Brawley over his free\nspeech rights to distribute his pamphlets unmolested.","The \"Supporting Materials\" subseries contains a wide variety of material relating to\nYellen's interrelated interests, chiefly A) Western water, B) Electricity, C) Political\ncampaigns, D) the Imperial Irrigation District, and E) Imperial County and the City of\nBrawley. ","The \"Western water\" sub-subseries consists of reports and writings about western water\nissues. Much of the material is government documents and reports specifically related to\nthe Reclamation law and its applicability to the Imperial Valley. There is also a\ncollection of documents and pamphlets from different western water projects such as the\nPalo Verde Irrigation District, the Coachella Valley, the Central Valley Salton Sea, the\nSan Joaquin Valley, the Metropolitan Water District, the Salt River Project and other\nArizona projects, and the Colorado River Dam. Yellen amassed notable, although\nincomplete, runs of WESTERN WATER NEWS (1960-1995) and the NATIONAL FARMERS UNION\nWASHINGTON NEWSLETTER (1964-1991). Likewise, Yellen saved newsletters and small\npublications from the California Agrarian Action Project (1980-1984), the CALIFORNIA FARM\nCONSUMER REPORTER (1965-1973), California Homeowner (1963-1971), National Land for People\n(1976-1985), SHARECROPPER (1972-1974), and the National Sharecropers' Fund (1971-1984).","The second sub-subseries deals with Yellen's enduring interest in \"Electricity.\" In\nparticular, it contains Imperial Irrigation District electricity rate schedules and\npamphlets (1962-1989), as well as similar information for the Tennessee Valley Authority\n(1967-1992).","The third sub-subseries, \"Political campaigns,\" holds examples of Yellen's political\nadvertisements, as well as advertisements from other local campaigns. Most of this\nmaterial is from the 1960s.","Yellen's nemesis in his political activism was the Imperial Irrigation District, which\ncontrolled the distribution of water and electricity in Imperial Valley and was in turn\ncontrolled by the large growers. The fourth sub-subseries is a collection of IID\ndocuments including audit reports (1960-1964), annual reports (1963-1990) and the IID\npublication DISTRICT NEWS (1960-1974). Also included in this area are publications made\nby other pro-big farmer groups, including pamphlets specifically attacking Yellen. ","The fifth and final sub-subseries is a sizable collection of material pertaining to\nImperial County and the City of Brawley, including descriptions of and fiscal data about\nImperial County; the minutes of the Brawley Town Council for the years he served as a\ncouncilman (1964-1968); correspondence internal to the city about a variety of matters\nsuch as promotions in the police and fire departments and planning projects. ","SERIES 4: MEDICAL ISSUES","The fourth series is tangential to the rest of the collection because it deals with\nYellen's medical philosophy and practice. This series is organized into two subseries: A)\nCorrespondence, and B) Medical Malpractice Suit. ","The first subseries is arranged chronologically and contains the earliest correspondence\nin the collection. Beginning in the 1940s, Yellen wrote numerous letters to medical\njournals and other doctors explaining and advocating his habit of compounding\nprescriptions, that is, writing complex prescriptions patients or pharmacists would put\ntogether as substitutes for more expensive packaged brand name drugs. In fact, his first\ncrusade was against the pharmaceutical manufacturers who charged high prices for drugs he\ncompounded cheaply. Within this subseries are letters reflecting the day to day nature of\nhis medical practice, as well as his relationship with other physicians in the area.","In December of 1981, Yellen's insistence on compounding drugs got him into trouble when a\ntwo-year old boy died in his care. The second subseries contains the correspondence,\narranged chronologically, surrounding the \"Medical Malpractice Suit,\" Travis Kavanaugh vs\nBen Yellen, and Yellen's subsequent countersuits. The legal documents relating to these\nproceedings are also included.","SERIES 5: BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series contains select documents, such as a copy of Yellen's\nbirth certificate, photographs, a folder of personal correspondence, and a collection of\nsecondary articles about him including a transcript of his appearance on the television\nshow 60 MINUTES in 1973.","Accession Processed in 1997. The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image. The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO.  The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically. The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order. WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order. The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically. The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order. Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact. The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear.","The second accession contains materials that supplement those found in the first and\nlargest accession. Materials in this accession include: correspondence, legal documents,\nmedical records, personal ephemera, photographs, newspaper clippings, and audio tapes.\nThe series titles and arrangement mirror those of the first accession. The NEWSPAPER\nCLIPPINGS and AUDIO series are unique to the second accession and provide important\ndocumentation of Yellen's public role and image.","The accession is arranged into 7 series: 1) YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR; 2)\nFARMWORKERS; 3) WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES; 4) MEDICAL ISSUES; 5)\nBIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS; 6) NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS and 7) AUDIO. ","The YELLOWSHEETS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITOR series offers a small sampling of the\npamphlets and letters Yellen produced for public consumption. They document the core of\nYellen's political beliefs and activities. They are particularly notable for the attacks\nYellen undertook against prominent politicians and residents of Imperial Valley. Both the\nyellowsheets and letters to the editor are arranged chronologically.","The second series on FARMWORKERS is also quite short containing primarily Yellen's\ncorrespondence on behalf of braceros in Imperial Valley, as well as a few medical\nrecords. The series is in alphabetical order.","WATER AND RELATED POLITICAL ACTIVITIES is a more extensive series holding samples of\nYellen's correspondence. Additionally, a sample of receipts provides a hint at the amount\nof money Yellen spent on such things as paper for printing yellowsheets and radio and\nnewspaper advertising during his campaigns for political office. This series is also in\nalphabetical order.","The fourth series, MEDICAL ISSUES, is the most extensive portion of the accession. It\nbegins with Yellen's General Medical Correspondence, pertaining mostly to his practice of\ncompounding prescriptions. The bulk of the series is made up of documents relating to his\nmedical malpractice suit which began in 1981. There is a subseries of notes and papers\nthat appear to have come from his lawyer's office. Another subseries is dedicated to\nAnnabelle Hillock's Notes about the case against Yellen and his hearing before the Board\nof Medical Quality Assurance. Hillock was a friend of Yellen who assisted him in his pro\nper actions to defend himself against the accusation of malpractice and subsequently to\nregain his license. The final subseries consists of Legal Documents filed in the\nmalpractice case. The series and subseries are all arranged alphabetically.","The BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIALS series offers a variety of materialsincluding personal\ncorrespondence, documentation of his death, as well as an extensive collection of\nphotographs taken primarily early in Yellen's life. Also included are ephemera such as\nmatchbook covers with Yellen's picture on them, rubber stamps with much used slogans, and\nYellen's Physician's diary from the 1950s. The materials in this collection are in\nalphabetical order.","Series six, NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS, is made up of newspaper articles about Yellen collected\nbetween 1958 and 1994. These clippings provide a narrative to Yellen's life by\ndocumenting his public trials and triumphs. The clippings are a good place to begin to\nget a sense of the chronology of Yellen's life and his public impact.","The final series, AUDIO, consists of audio tapes of a few of Yellen's public appearances.\nThe most notable of which is his \"60 MINUTES\" appearance in 1973. These materials in are\nchronological order as their titles of sometimes unclear."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4daaeb965e441c44361e6101b0c557d4\"\u003eFor current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location of these\nmaterials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["These materials are written in  English"],"total_component_count_is":475,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:50.878Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/8a35f0553ff26b79965c963d_aspace_c03-1-8-6-2-2-2-13"}},{"id":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_59248","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1965 Bill \u0026 Report \u0026 Law","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_59248#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_59248","ref_ssm":["aspace_59248","aspace_59248"],"id":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_59248","title_filing_ssi":"1965 Bill \u0026 Report \u0026 Law","title_ssm":["1965 Bill \u0026 Report \u0026 Law"],"title_tesim":["1965 Bill \u0026 Report \u0026 Law"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1965 Bill \u0026 Report \u0026 Law"],"text":["1965 Bill \u0026 Report \u0026 Law","Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996","1967-9","Folder 4","/repositories/2/archival_objects/62462","box 15","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_59242"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996","1967-9"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996","1967-9"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Box"],"unitid_ssm":["Folder 4","/repositories/2/archival_objects/62462"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":397,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information."],"containers_ssim":["box 15","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#3","_nest_parent_":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0_aspace_59242","_root_":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","timestamp":"2026-04-15T04:12:34.487Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","title_ssm":["Sam Gibbons collection"],"title_tesim":["Sam Gibbons collection"],"ead_ssi":"65675f74ccda9442057b96d0","unitdate_ssm":["1940-2000","1960-1996","Date acquired: 01/01/1996"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/01/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1996-02","/repositories/2/resources/378"],"text":["MS-1996-02","/repositories/2/resources/378","Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996","Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History","University of South Florida -- History","No restrictions.","Chronologically, broken up by committee and subject. The year and number code assigned to each box denotes the year in which papers were filed by Gibbons' office. Years on documents within the box may not reflect the year of filing.","Sam M. Gibbons was born in Tampa Florida in 1920. His tenure in law school was interrupted by World War II, when he volunteered for the Army, and later for duty as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division. He served with distinction and in 1951 Gibbons was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he drafted the bill founding the University of South Florida in Hillsborough County. He founded USF's Foundation and served as its first president, expanded the City of Tampa by annexing suburbs, founded the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and began programs to save the state money and prevent corruption. He joined the Florida Senate in 1958, serving one term before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1962.  Gibbons died in Tampa in 2012.","As a member of Congress, Gibbons became known as a moderate democrat interested in free trade and tax reform. He joined Congress in time to vote for the land mark civil rights bill, Medicare, President Johnson's War on Poverty, and to vote for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president the power to wage war in Vietnam, a vote he came to regret. He funneled Urban Renewal funds into Tampa's crumbling inner city. In 1969, he joined the influential Ways and Means Committee, where he would sit until his retirement in 1996, spending much attention on the Subcommittee on Trade. He put his free trade beliefs into action with the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), passing two versions in the 1980s. He retired in 1996 after a stormy stint as the voice of opposition to the new Republican majority. During and after his career, he repeatedly called for the U.S. to lift its trade embargo against Cuba.","Primarily covers his years in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1962-1996.","None. The contents of the collection may be subject to copyright.  Visit the United States Copyright Office's website at  http://www.copyright.gov/  for more information.","USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections","Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1996-02","/repositories/2/resources/378"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"collection_ssim":["Sam Gibbons collection, 1940-2000, Date acquired: 01/01/1996, bulk 1960-1996"],"repository_ssm":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["USF Libraries - Tampa Special Collections"],"geogname_ssm":["Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Florida -- Politics and government","Tampa (Fla.) -- Politics and government","Tampa Bay Region (Fla.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Gibbons, Sam M. (Sam Melville), 1920-2012"],"creator_ssim":["Gibbons, Sam M. 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The year and number code assigned to each box denotes the year in which papers were filed by Gibbons' office. Years on documents within the box may not reflect the year of filing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronologically, broken up by committee and subject. The year and number code assigned to each box denotes the year in which papers were filed by Gibbons' office. Years on documents within the box may not reflect the year of filing."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSam M. Gibbons was born in Tampa Florida in 1920. His tenure in law school was interrupted by World War II, when he volunteered for the Army, and later for duty as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division. He served with distinction and in 1951 Gibbons was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where he drafted the bill founding the University of South Florida in Hillsborough County. He founded USF's Foundation and served as its first president, expanded the City of Tampa by annexing suburbs, founded the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and began programs to save the state money and prevent corruption. He joined the Florida Senate in 1958, serving one term before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1962.\u0026#xA0; Gibbons died in Tampa in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs a member of Congress, Gibbons became known as a moderate democrat interested in free trade and tax reform. He joined Congress in time to vote for the land mark civil rights bill, Medicare, President Johnson's War on Poverty, and to vote for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president the power to wage war in Vietnam, a vote he came to regret. He funneled Urban Renewal funds into Tampa's crumbling inner city. 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He founded USF's Foundation and served as its first president, expanded the City of Tampa by annexing suburbs, founded the Southwest Florida Water Management District, and began programs to save the state money and prevent corruption. He joined the Florida Senate in 1958, serving one term before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1962.  Gibbons died in Tampa in 2012.","As a member of Congress, Gibbons became known as a moderate democrat interested in free trade and tax reform. He joined Congress in time to vote for the land mark civil rights bill, Medicare, President Johnson's War on Poverty, and to vote for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving the president the power to wage war in Vietnam, a vote he came to regret. He funneled Urban Renewal funds into Tampa's crumbling inner city. In 1969, he joined the influential Ways and Means Committee, where he would sit until his retirement in 1996, spending much attention on the Subcommittee on Trade. He put his free trade beliefs into action with the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), passing two versions in the 1980s. He retired in 1996 after a stormy stint as the voice of opposition to the new Republican majority. 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