{"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026page=7\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026page=6\u0026view=list","next":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026page=8\u0026view=list","last":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026page=11\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":7,"next_page":8,"prev_page":6,"total_pages":11,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":60,"total_count":110,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref102","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Initial conditions for simulation","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref102#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\u003cp\u003eFiles containing both the parameters and the physical fields (e.g., density, velocity) used as the initial state of the simulation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref102#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref102","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref102","aspace_ref102"],"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref102","title_filing_ssi":"Initial conditions for simulation","title_ssm":["Initial conditions for simulation"],"title_tesim":["Initial conditions for simulation"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Initial conditions for simulation"],"text":["Initial conditions for simulation","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","/repositories/2/archival_objects/544","Scope and Contents note Files containing both the parameters and the physical fields (e.g., density, velocity) used as the initial state of the simulation."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ids_ssim":["fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/544"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access\n            This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. 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Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu","Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.","Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063","Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.","Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields","Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).","Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.",""],"unitid_tesim":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creators_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Immediate Source of Acquisition note Rick Wagner, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"extent_tesim":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"genreform_ssim":["Research data"],"date_range_isim":[2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eAccess\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. 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Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eArrangement note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReferenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSkillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Use References"],"bibliography_tesim":["Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Project Background"],"bioghist_tesim":["Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eRick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred Citation Rick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProcessing Information note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThese snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRights\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eLicense\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Rights","License"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego."],"persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"language_ssim":[""],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":39,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProject Background\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\n                \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLUScID\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eDuring the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eFuture progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies\u0026#x2014;a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eIn order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003cchronlist\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n            \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n            \u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eBrian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eGeoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBrian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGeoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eRick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref102"}},{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref46","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007. Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration., 2007","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref46#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\u003cp\u003eA web posting describing efforts of scientists and information managers at Livermore and UC San Diego to develop mechanisms for collaborative scientific research involving the massive data sets required for extremely large-scale scientific simulation. The description focuses on two particular projects: Climate simulations and Cosmology Simulations, of which the Santa Fe Light Cone simulation was one. (The description is a sub-section of the \"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007.\" Consulted and copied from https://iscr.llnl.gov/annual_report/fy2007/luscid.php on 15 February 2012. PDF version of web page generated at same time.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref46#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref46","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref46","aspace_ref46"],"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref46","title_filing_ssi":"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007. Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration.","title_ssm":["Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007. Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration."],"title_tesim":["Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007. Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007. Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration., 2007"],"text":["Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007. Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration., 2007","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","Status reports","/repositories/2/archival_objects/584","","Scope and Contents note A web posting describing efforts of scientists and information managers at Livermore and UC San Diego to develop mechanisms for collaborative scientific research involving the massive data sets required for extremely large-scale scientific simulation. The description focuses on two particular projects: Climate simulations and Cosmology Simulations, of which the Santa Fe Light Cone simulation was one. (The description is a sub-section of the \"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007.\" Consulted and copied from https://iscr.llnl.gov/annual_report/fy2007/luscid.php on 15 February 2012. PDF version of web page generated at same time.)"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref11","fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref51","fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref63"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","Status reports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","Status reports"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File","File","File"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/584"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Electronic file","1.0 Electronic file"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Electronic file","1.0 Electronic file"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":41,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access\n            This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["License\n            This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007.  Livermore--UC San Diego Scientific Data Collaboration.\",\"href\":\"ark:/13030/c8xw4kf7\"}"],"date_range_isim":[2007],"language_ssim":[""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n                                \u003cp\u003eA web posting describing efforts of scientists and information managers at Livermore and UC San Diego to develop mechanisms for collaborative scientific research involving the massive data sets required for extremely large-scale scientific simulation. The description focuses on two particular projects: Climate simulations and Cosmology Simulations, of which the Santa Fe Light Cone simulation was one. (The description is a sub-section of the \"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007.\" Consulted and copied from https://iscr.llnl.gov/annual_report/fy2007/luscid.php on 15 February 2012. PDF version of web page generated at same time.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents note A web posting describing efforts of scientists and information managers at Livermore and UC San Diego to develop mechanisms for collaborative scientific research involving the massive data sets required for extremely large-scale scientific simulation. The description focuses on two particular projects: Climate simulations and Cosmology Simulations, of which the Santa Fe Light Cone simulation was one. (The description is a sub-section of the \"Institute for Scientific Computing Research Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2007.\" Consulted and copied from https://iscr.llnl.gov/annual_report/fy2007/luscid.php on 15 February 2012. PDF version of web page generated at same time.)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#30/components#0/components#2/components#3","_nest_parent_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref63","_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","title_filing_ssi":"Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files","title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files"],"title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files"],"ead_ssi":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","unitdate_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007","2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007","2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"text":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data","Access This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu","Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.","Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063","Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.","Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields","Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).","Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.",""],"unitid_tesim":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creators_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Immediate Source of Acquisition note Rick Wagner, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"extent_tesim":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"genreform_ssim":["Research data"],"date_range_isim":[2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eAccess\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eArrangement note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReferenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSkillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Use References"],"bibliography_tesim":["Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Project Background"],"bioghist_tesim":["Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eRick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred Citation Rick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProcessing Information note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThese snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRights\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eLicense\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Rights","License"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego."],"persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"language_ssim":[""],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":39,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProject Background\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\n                \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLUScID\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eDuring the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eFuture progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies\u0026#x2014;a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eIn order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003cchronlist\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n            \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n            \u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eBrian W. 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Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided below. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b","title_ssm":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs"],"title_tesim":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs"],"ead_ssi":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b","unitdate_ssm":["1925-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["YNHSC.MS.292","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"text":["YNHSC.MS.292","/repositories/2/resources/1","Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992","Flies, Artificial","Fly fishing","Fly fishing (West U.S.) -- Pictorial works","Fly fishing -- Pictorial works","Fly tying","Drawings (visual works)","Photographs","Some of the colored photographs are beginning to fade.","Biography Jedediah Horcrux Congreave was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island on December 25, 1915.\n        He died in Portland, Maine on April 18, 1999. Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. ","Content Description Correspondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. ","Separated Materials The collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. ","Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. ","Lyrasis Special Collections","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. 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Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. ","Content Description Correspondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. ","Separated Materials The collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. ","Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. ","Lyrasis Special Collections","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990","English"],"unitid_tesim":["YNHSC.MS.292","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Jedediah Horcrux Congreave fly fishing correspondence and photographs, 1925-1992"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"creator_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"creators_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog "],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Flies, Artificial","Fly fishing","Fly fishing (West U.S.) -- Pictorial works","Fly fishing -- Pictorial works","Fly tying","Drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Flies, Artificial","Fly fishing","Fly fishing (West U.S.) -- Pictorial works","Fly fishing -- Pictorial works","Fly tying","Drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Some of the colored photographs are beginning to fade."],"extent_ssm":["1 Electronic file","1 Box","1 Linear Feet 1 record cartons"],"extent_tesim":["1 Electronic file","1 Box","1 Linear Feet 1 record cartons"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eBiography\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eJedediah Horcrux Congreave was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island on December 25, 1915.\n        He died in Portland, Maine on April 18, 1999. Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography Jedediah Horcrux Congreave was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island on December 25, 1915.\n        He died in Portland, Maine on April 18, 1999. Congreave was educated at Williams College\n        (B.A., 1936) and Harvard University (Ph.D., Biology, 1948). He taught at Northfield-Mt.\n        Hermon in Northfield, MA for the bulk of his career, serving in many administrative\n        positions as well during his tenure there. Throughout his life, Congreave was an avid fly\n        fisherman, and in 1998 he donated his collection of letters and photographs relating to his\n        recreational activity to Carpe Diem University, where several of his close friends taught\n        and which, in YNHSC, has an extensive collection documenting outdoor recreation and\n        conservation atctivities in New England. Congreave never married and hand no children. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eCitation\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e[Title / description, Box / Folder]. Jedediah Horcrux Congreave Fly Fishing Correspondence\n        and Photographs, 1925-1992. MS 292. Your Name Here Special Collections, Carpe Diem\n        University, City on a Hill, MA. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Citation [Title / description, Box / Folder]. Jedediah Horcrux Congreave Fly Fishing Correspondence\n        and Photographs, 1925-1992. MS 292. Your Name Here Special Collections, Carpe Diem\n        University, City on a Hill, MA. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eContent Description\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Description Correspondence and photographs spanning 1925-1992 and documenting Jedediah Horcrux\n        Congreave's interest in fly fishing. Included in the collection are letters to Congreave's\n        father between 1925-1935; correspondence from and to diverse friends, colleagues, and\n        associates sharing Congreave's interest in fly fishing; and photographs of many of\n        Congreave's fishing expeditiions. More detailed descriptions of the materials are provided\n        below. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eSeparated Materials\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated Materials The collection came to Carpe Diem University with 2 additional cartons of fishing and\n        camping supply catalogs from the 1940s through the 1990s. These were separated from the\n        collection because YNHSC does not collect mass-produced product catalogs. They were sent to\n        the Smithsonian Museum of American History, which has an extensive collection of product\n        catalogs, but there is no information on their ultimate disposition. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRights\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCopyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights Copyright for the materials created by Jedediah Congreave have been gifted to Carpe Diem\n        University. Persons wanting to re-use those materials should first acquire permission from\n        staff at YNHSC. Copyright for the materials created by correspondents in the colleciton\n        belong to those correspondent or their beneficiaries. Persons wanting to re-use those\n        materials are advised to obtain permissson from the copyright holders. "],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog ","Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990"],"persname_ssim":["Figgie  Dog ","Congreave, Wilberforce","Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984","Child, Julia","Skinner, B. F. (Burrhus Frederic), 1904-1990"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:11:32.382Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/790f119ad9e06ac7378a220b"}},{"id":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992","creator":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-"],"label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["Materials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994). Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media. The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career. In addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg. There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch. The accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965). Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol."],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"id":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","title_filing_ssi":"Brainard (Joe) Archive","title_ssm":["Joe Brainard Archive,"],"title_tesim":["Joe Brainard Archive,"],"ead_ssi":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","unitdate_ssm":["1960-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 0005","/repositories/2/resources/3"],"text":["MSS 0005","/repositories/2/resources/3","Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992","American poetry -- 20th Century","Gay men -- United States -- Biography","Gay men in art","Gay men -- United States -- Poetry","Gay's writings","Prose poems, American","Fiction","Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre","Access Collection is open for research.\n","Biography \nBorn in Arkansas in 1942 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Brainard moved to New York City in 1961.  There, he quickly developed friendships with Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, Bill Berkson, Barbara Guest, and other participants in the New York School.  The large number of collaborative works in the collection, as well as the many illustrations Brainard did for books by others,  reflect the sense of community shared by these artists.  \n \nBrainard's achievement, however, is remarkable quite aside from his many associations.  Brainard harmonized linguistic and visual materials in extraordinary ways.  His graphic work is notably literary, often incorporating words and sentences into non-literary designs.  Such qualities prompted Frank O'Hara to say that Brainard's work had \"nothing to do with philosophy, it's all art.\"  Both the art work and writing is full of information and frequently takes erotic and semiotic risks.  In one of his more scandalous serial works, Brainard subjected Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy to every imaginable erotic and high art situation.  \n \nA prolific artist, Brainard's work has been exhibited extensively in the New York City area since the early 1960s.  His first retrospective show, consisting of work from 1960-1970, took place at the Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago in 1970.  In the mid-1970s he created over 3,000 miniature collages, paintings, and drawings for a major show at the Fischbach Gallery in Manhattan.  The materials gathered in the Joe Brainard Archive were first exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art in 1980.  In 1986 they were again exhibited at UCSD.\n \nLike Joe Brainard, Alex Katz is a New York City artist.  He has given numerous solo shows since the early 1960s, and many of his works have been added to numerous public art collections throughout the country.  Unlike Brainard, Katz has created a depthless, planar art which strips the visual image of its narrative, literary aura.  The result, as one critic has noted, is an image of a reality that is of no consequence.  \n","Scope and Content of Collection \nAccession Processed in 1987 \nThe Joe Brainard Archive contains approximately 300 examples of Brainard's art work as well as book and cover illustrations, manuscripts, and published writings, all dating from ca. 1960 to 1979.  Primarily a study collection, the importance of the Joe Brainard Archive is in documenting the wide range, topical as well as technical, of Joe Brainard's artistic production over a twenty year period, ca. 1960-1979.  The collection also includes several art works and many books by other notable artists and writers.  These materials have been arranged in five series:  1) ARTWORK, 2) MANUSCRIPTS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) CATALOGS, and 5) BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  \n \nSERIES 1: ARTWORK\n \nThis series comprises 161 pieces of Brainard's graphic art and another 20 pieces, most by Alex Katz.  Reflecting the many styles, dimensions, and media with which Brainard experimented during his career, these works include collages (including many of the miniatures Brainard constructed for a show of his in work in 1975), oil and watercolor abstractions, graphite portraits of several well known writers, original cover art for books by Ted Berrigan and John Ashbery, and the original art work for numerous \"comic strips\" done in collaboration with various writers.   \n \nSERIES 2: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series, arranged chronologically,  includes the notebooks and original manuscripts for nine books of writing by Brainard.  Several manuscripts by Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark, Philip Gambone, and Rudy Kikel are also included.  \n \nSERIES 3: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series consists primarily of letters from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts.  In addition, there are letters from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson to Brainard, and letters from Ron Padgett, John Giorno, Larry Fagin, and others to Robert Butts.\n \nSERIES 4: CATALOGS \n \nCatalogs for Brainard and Alex Katz exhibitions comprise the CATALOGS series.  Also included are numerous reviews of Katz's work.\n \nSERIES 5: BIBLIOGRAPHIES\n \nVarious checklists constructed by Robert Butts and documenting Brainard's production since 1961 are contained in series five, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.\n \nSEPARATION NOTE\n \nBooks and journals received in the 1984 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive have been separated from the collection and added elsewhere to the library's holdings.  To identify and list these items, conduct an author search in ROGER on the term \"Butts, Robert, former owner.\" \n \nAccessions Processed in 1991 \nThe accessions to the Joe Brainard Archive processed in 1991 contain originals of artwork by Joe Brainard for collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, and correspondence related to Robert Butts' projects.  The materials are arranged in four series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) ARTWORK, 3) MANUSCRIPTS, and 4) PHOTOGRAPHS.\n \nSERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series includes letters from Bill Berkson to Robert Butts concerning publication of his book \"Serenade\" and correspondence from Joe Brainard.  The materials date between 1986 and 1987 and are organized alphabetically by correspondent.\n \nSERIES 2: ARTWORK\n \nThe ARTWORK series contains original drawings by Joe Brainard for three collaborative works with Bill Berkson and THE BABY BOOK with Kenward Elmslie.  Also included are original art by Brainard for miscellaneous poetry readings and flyers.  The materials are arranged alphabetically by title.\n \nSERIES 3: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series contains photocopies of proofs for Bill Berkson's \"Cnidus, August 4th.\"\n \nSERIES 4: PHOTOGRAPHS\n \nAn excellent portrait of Joe Brainard by photographer Elizabeth Hathon is located in the PHOTOGRAPHS series.  Also included are color transparencies of an eight-piece exhibit entitled \"The Gang of Eight.\"\n \nAccession Processed in 1993 \nThe 1993 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts, most of which are birthday or holiday greetings.  Also included is a print by Andy Warhol.","Publication Rights   Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        ","Materials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994).  Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media.  The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career.\nIn addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg.  There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch.\nThe accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965).  Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol.","Lyrasis Special Collections","Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-","Warhol, Andy,","Collection materials in English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 0005","/repositories/2/resources/3"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"creator_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"creators_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"access_terms_ssm":["Publication Rights   Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        "],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition Information Not Available"],"access_subjects_ssim":["American poetry -- 20th Century","Gay men -- United States -- Biography","Gay men in art","Gay men -- United States -- Poetry","Gay's writings","Prose poems, American","Fiction","Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American poetry -- 20th Century","Gay men -- United States -- Biography","Gay men in art","Gay men -- United States -- Poetry","Gay's writings","Prose poems, American","Fiction","Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["32.20 Electronic file (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)","32.20 linear feet (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)"],"extent_tesim":["32.20 Electronic file (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)","32.20 linear feet (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eAccess\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access Collection is open for research.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eBiography\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nBorn in Arkansas in 1942 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Brainard moved to New York City in 1961.  There, he quickly developed friendships with Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, Bill Berkson, Barbara Guest, and other participants in the New York School.  The large number of collaborative works in the collection, as well as the many illustrations Brainard did for books by others,  reflect the sense of community shared by these artists.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nBrainard's achievement, however, is remarkable quite aside from his many associations.  Brainard harmonized linguistic and visual materials in extraordinary ways.  His graphic work is notably literary, often incorporating words and sentences into non-literary designs.  Such qualities prompted Frank O'Hara to say that Brainard's work had \"nothing to do with philosophy, it's all art.\"  Both the art work and writing is full of information and frequently takes erotic and semiotic risks.  In one of his more scandalous serial works, Brainard subjected Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy to every imaginable erotic and high art situation.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nA prolific artist, Brainard's work has been exhibited extensively in the New York City area since the early 1960s.  His first retrospective show, consisting of work from 1960-1970, took place at the Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago in 1970.  In the mid-1970s he created over 3,000 miniature collages, paintings, and drawings for a major show at the Fischbach Gallery in Manhattan.  The materials gathered in the Joe Brainard Archive were first exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art in 1980.  In 1986 they were again exhibited at UCSD.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nLike Joe Brainard, Alex Katz is a New York City artist.  He has given numerous solo shows since the early 1960s, and many of his works have been added to numerous public art collections throughout the country.  Unlike Brainard, Katz has created a depthless, planar art which strips the visual image of its narrative, literary aura.  The result, as one critic has noted, is an image of a reality that is of no consequence.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography \nBorn in Arkansas in 1942 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Brainard moved to New York City in 1961.  There, he quickly developed friendships with Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, Bill Berkson, Barbara Guest, and other participants in the New York School.  The large number of collaborative works in the collection, as well as the many illustrations Brainard did for books by others,  reflect the sense of community shared by these artists.  \n \nBrainard's achievement, however, is remarkable quite aside from his many associations.  Brainard harmonized linguistic and visual materials in extraordinary ways.  His graphic work is notably literary, often incorporating words and sentences into non-literary designs.  Such qualities prompted Frank O'Hara to say that Brainard's work had \"nothing to do with philosophy, it's all art.\"  Both the art work and writing is full of information and frequently takes erotic and semiotic risks.  In one of his more scandalous serial works, Brainard subjected Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy to every imaginable erotic and high art situation.  \n \nA prolific artist, Brainard's work has been exhibited extensively in the New York City area since the early 1960s.  His first retrospective show, consisting of work from 1960-1970, took place at the Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago in 1970.  In the mid-1970s he created over 3,000 miniature collages, paintings, and drawings for a major show at the Fischbach Gallery in Manhattan.  The materials gathered in the Joe Brainard Archive were first exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art in 1980.  In 1986 they were again exhibited at UCSD.\n \nLike Joe Brainard, Alex Katz is a New York City artist.  He has given numerous solo shows since the early 1960s, and many of his works have been added to numerous public art collections throughout the country.  Unlike Brainard, Katz has created a depthless, planar art which strips the visual image of its narrative, literary aura.  The result, as one critic has noted, is an image of a reality that is of no consequence.  \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003eJoe Brainard Archive, MSS 0005. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\n        \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred Citation Joe Brainard Archive, MSS 0005. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Content of Collection \nAccession Processed in 1987 \nThe Joe Brainard Archive contains approximately 300 examples of Brainard's art work as well as book and cover illustrations, manuscripts, and published writings, all dating from ca. 1960 to 1979.  Primarily a study collection, the importance of the Joe Brainard Archive is in documenting the wide range, topical as well as technical, of Joe Brainard's artistic production over a twenty year period, ca. 1960-1979.  The collection also includes several art works and many books by other notable artists and writers.  These materials have been arranged in five series:  1) ARTWORK, 2) MANUSCRIPTS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) CATALOGS, and 5) BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  \n \nSERIES 1: ARTWORK\n \nThis series comprises 161 pieces of Brainard's graphic art and another 20 pieces, most by Alex Katz.  Reflecting the many styles, dimensions, and media with which Brainard experimented during his career, these works include collages (including many of the miniatures Brainard constructed for a show of his in work in 1975), oil and watercolor abstractions, graphite portraits of several well known writers, original cover art for books by Ted Berrigan and John Ashbery, and the original art work for numerous \"comic strips\" done in collaboration with various writers.   \n \nSERIES 2: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series, arranged chronologically,  includes the notebooks and original manuscripts for nine books of writing by Brainard.  Several manuscripts by Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark, Philip Gambone, and Rudy Kikel are also included.  \n \nSERIES 3: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series consists primarily of letters from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts.  In addition, there are letters from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson to Brainard, and letters from Ron Padgett, John Giorno, Larry Fagin, and others to Robert Butts.\n \nSERIES 4: CATALOGS \n \nCatalogs for Brainard and Alex Katz exhibitions comprise the CATALOGS series.  Also included are numerous reviews of Katz's work.\n \nSERIES 5: BIBLIOGRAPHIES\n \nVarious checklists constructed by Robert Butts and documenting Brainard's production since 1961 are contained in series five, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.\n \nSEPARATION NOTE\n \nBooks and journals received in the 1984 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive have been separated from the collection and added elsewhere to the library's holdings.  To identify and list these items, conduct an author search in ROGER on the term \"Butts, Robert, former owner.\" \n \nAccessions Processed in 1991 \nThe accessions to the Joe Brainard Archive processed in 1991 contain originals of artwork by Joe Brainard for collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, and correspondence related to Robert Butts' projects.  The materials are arranged in four series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) ARTWORK, 3) MANUSCRIPTS, and 4) PHOTOGRAPHS.\n \nSERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series includes letters from Bill Berkson to Robert Butts concerning publication of his book \"Serenade\" and correspondence from Joe Brainard.  The materials date between 1986 and 1987 and are organized alphabetically by correspondent.\n \nSERIES 2: ARTWORK\n \nThe ARTWORK series contains original drawings by Joe Brainard for three collaborative works with Bill Berkson and THE BABY BOOK with Kenward Elmslie.  Also included are original art by Brainard for miscellaneous poetry readings and flyers.  The materials are arranged alphabetically by title.\n \nSERIES 3: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series contains photocopies of proofs for Bill Berkson's \"Cnidus, August 4th.\"\n \nSERIES 4: PHOTOGRAPHS\n \nAn excellent portrait of Joe Brainard by photographer Elizabeth Hathon is located in the PHOTOGRAPHS series.  Also included are color transparencies of an eight-piece exhibit entitled \"The Gang of Eight.\"\n \nAccession Processed in 1993 \nThe 1993 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts, most of which are birthday or holiday greetings.  Also included is a print by Andy Warhol."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePublication Rights\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e  Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Publication Rights   Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d0a02735e8e1b0bb0c234d65909c5da5\"\u003eMaterials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994).  Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media.  The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career.\nIn addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg.  There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch.\nThe accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965).  Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Materials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994).  Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media.  The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career.\nIn addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg.  There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch.\nThe accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965).  Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol."],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-","Warhol, Andy,"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-"],"persname_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-","Warhol, Andy,"],"language_ssim":["Collection materials in English"],"total_component_count_is":316,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:21.985Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Content of Collection\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAccession Processed in 1987\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe Joe Brainard Archive contains approximately 300 examples of Brainard's art work as well as book and cover illustrations, manuscripts, and published writings, all dating from ca. 1960 to 1979.  Primarily a study collection, the importance of the Joe Brainard Archive is in documenting the wide range, topical as well as technical, of Joe Brainard's artistic production over a twenty year period, ca. 1960-1979.  The collection also includes several art works and many books by other notable artists and writers.  These materials have been arranged in five series:  1) ARTWORK, 2) MANUSCRIPTS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) CATALOGS, and 5) BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 1: ARTWORK\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThis series comprises 161 pieces of Brainard's graphic art and another 20 pieces, most by Alex Katz.  Reflecting the many styles, dimensions, and media with which Brainard experimented during his career, these works include collages (including many of the miniatures Brainard constructed for a show of his in work in 1975), oil and watercolor abstractions, graphite portraits of several well known writers, original cover art for books by Ted Berrigan and John Ashbery, and the original art work for numerous \"comic strips\" done in collaboration with various writers.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 2: MANUSCRIPTS\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe MANUSCRIPTS series, arranged chronologically,  includes the notebooks and original manuscripts for nine books of writing by Brainard.  Several manuscripts by Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark, Philip Gambone, and Rudy Kikel are also included.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 3: CORRESPONDENCE\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe CORRESPONDENCE series consists primarily of letters from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts.  In addition, there are letters from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson to Brainard, and letters from Ron Padgett, John Giorno, Larry Fagin, and others to Robert Butts.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 4: CATALOGS \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nCatalogs for Brainard and Alex Katz exhibitions comprise the CATALOGS series.  Also included are numerous reviews of Katz's work.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 5: BIBLIOGRAPHIES\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nVarious checklists constructed by Robert Butts and documenting Brainard's production since 1961 are contained in series five, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSEPARATION NOTE\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nBooks and journals received in the 1984 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive have been separated from the collection and added elsewhere to the library's holdings.  To identify and list these items, conduct an author search in ROGER on the term \"Butts, Robert, former owner.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAccessions Processed in 1991\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe accessions to the Joe Brainard Archive processed in 1991 contain originals of artwork by Joe Brainard for collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, and correspondence related to Robert Butts' projects.  The materials are arranged in four series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) ARTWORK, 3) MANUSCRIPTS, and 4) PHOTOGRAPHS.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe CORRESPONDENCE series includes letters from Bill Berkson to Robert Butts concerning publication of his book \"Serenade\" and correspondence from Joe Brainard.  The materials date between 1986 and 1987 and are organized alphabetically by correspondent.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 2: ARTWORK\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe ARTWORK series contains original drawings by Joe Brainard for three collaborative works with Bill Berkson and THE BABY BOOK with Kenward Elmslie.  Also included are original art by Brainard for miscellaneous poetry readings and flyers.  The materials are arranged alphabetically by title.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 3: MANUSCRIPTS\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe MANUSCRIPTS series contains photocopies of proofs for Bill Berkson's \"Cnidus, August 4th.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 4: PHOTOGRAPHS\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAn excellent portrait of Joe Brainard by photographer Elizabeth Hathon is located in the PHOTOGRAPHS series.  Also included are color transparencies of an eight-piece exhibit entitled \"The Gang of Eight.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAccession Processed in 1993\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe 1993 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts, most of which are birthday or holiday greetings.  Also included is a print by Andy Warhol.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","title_filing_ssi":"Brainard (Joe) Archive","title_ssm":["Joe Brainard Archive,"],"title_tesim":["Joe Brainard Archive,"],"ead_ssi":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","unitdate_ssm":["1960-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 0005","/repositories/2/resources/3"],"text":["MSS 0005","/repositories/2/resources/3","Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992","American poetry -- 20th Century","Gay men -- United States -- Biography","Gay men in art","Gay men -- United States -- Poetry","Gay's writings","Prose poems, American","Fiction","Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre","Access Collection is open for research.\n","Biography \nBorn in Arkansas in 1942 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Brainard moved to New York City in 1961.  There, he quickly developed friendships with Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, Bill Berkson, Barbara Guest, and other participants in the New York School.  The large number of collaborative works in the collection, as well as the many illustrations Brainard did for books by others,  reflect the sense of community shared by these artists.  \n \nBrainard's achievement, however, is remarkable quite aside from his many associations.  Brainard harmonized linguistic and visual materials in extraordinary ways.  His graphic work is notably literary, often incorporating words and sentences into non-literary designs.  Such qualities prompted Frank O'Hara to say that Brainard's work had \"nothing to do with philosophy, it's all art.\"  Both the art work and writing is full of information and frequently takes erotic and semiotic risks.  In one of his more scandalous serial works, Brainard subjected Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy to every imaginable erotic and high art situation.  \n \nA prolific artist, Brainard's work has been exhibited extensively in the New York City area since the early 1960s.  His first retrospective show, consisting of work from 1960-1970, took place at the Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago in 1970.  In the mid-1970s he created over 3,000 miniature collages, paintings, and drawings for a major show at the Fischbach Gallery in Manhattan.  The materials gathered in the Joe Brainard Archive were first exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art in 1980.  In 1986 they were again exhibited at UCSD.\n \nLike Joe Brainard, Alex Katz is a New York City artist.  He has given numerous solo shows since the early 1960s, and many of his works have been added to numerous public art collections throughout the country.  Unlike Brainard, Katz has created a depthless, planar art which strips the visual image of its narrative, literary aura.  The result, as one critic has noted, is an image of a reality that is of no consequence.  \n","Scope and Content of Collection \nAccession Processed in 1987 \nThe Joe Brainard Archive contains approximately 300 examples of Brainard's art work as well as book and cover illustrations, manuscripts, and published writings, all dating from ca. 1960 to 1979.  Primarily a study collection, the importance of the Joe Brainard Archive is in documenting the wide range, topical as well as technical, of Joe Brainard's artistic production over a twenty year period, ca. 1960-1979.  The collection also includes several art works and many books by other notable artists and writers.  These materials have been arranged in five series:  1) ARTWORK, 2) MANUSCRIPTS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) CATALOGS, and 5) BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  \n \nSERIES 1: ARTWORK\n \nThis series comprises 161 pieces of Brainard's graphic art and another 20 pieces, most by Alex Katz.  Reflecting the many styles, dimensions, and media with which Brainard experimented during his career, these works include collages (including many of the miniatures Brainard constructed for a show of his in work in 1975), oil and watercolor abstractions, graphite portraits of several well known writers, original cover art for books by Ted Berrigan and John Ashbery, and the original art work for numerous \"comic strips\" done in collaboration with various writers.   \n \nSERIES 2: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series, arranged chronologically,  includes the notebooks and original manuscripts for nine books of writing by Brainard.  Several manuscripts by Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark, Philip Gambone, and Rudy Kikel are also included.  \n \nSERIES 3: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series consists primarily of letters from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts.  In addition, there are letters from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson to Brainard, and letters from Ron Padgett, John Giorno, Larry Fagin, and others to Robert Butts.\n \nSERIES 4: CATALOGS \n \nCatalogs for Brainard and Alex Katz exhibitions comprise the CATALOGS series.  Also included are numerous reviews of Katz's work.\n \nSERIES 5: BIBLIOGRAPHIES\n \nVarious checklists constructed by Robert Butts and documenting Brainard's production since 1961 are contained in series five, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.\n \nSEPARATION NOTE\n \nBooks and journals received in the 1984 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive have been separated from the collection and added elsewhere to the library's holdings.  To identify and list these items, conduct an author search in ROGER on the term \"Butts, Robert, former owner.\" \n \nAccessions Processed in 1991 \nThe accessions to the Joe Brainard Archive processed in 1991 contain originals of artwork by Joe Brainard for collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, and correspondence related to Robert Butts' projects.  The materials are arranged in four series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) ARTWORK, 3) MANUSCRIPTS, and 4) PHOTOGRAPHS.\n \nSERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series includes letters from Bill Berkson to Robert Butts concerning publication of his book \"Serenade\" and correspondence from Joe Brainard.  The materials date between 1986 and 1987 and are organized alphabetically by correspondent.\n \nSERIES 2: ARTWORK\n \nThe ARTWORK series contains original drawings by Joe Brainard for three collaborative works with Bill Berkson and THE BABY BOOK with Kenward Elmslie.  Also included are original art by Brainard for miscellaneous poetry readings and flyers.  The materials are arranged alphabetically by title.\n \nSERIES 3: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series contains photocopies of proofs for Bill Berkson's \"Cnidus, August 4th.\"\n \nSERIES 4: PHOTOGRAPHS\n \nAn excellent portrait of Joe Brainard by photographer Elizabeth Hathon is located in the PHOTOGRAPHS series.  Also included are color transparencies of an eight-piece exhibit entitled \"The Gang of Eight.\"\n \nAccession Processed in 1993 \nThe 1993 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts, most of which are birthday or holiday greetings.  Also included is a print by Andy Warhol.","Publication Rights   Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        ","Materials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994).  Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media.  The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career.\nIn addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg.  There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch.\nThe accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965).  Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol.","Lyrasis Special Collections","Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-","Warhol, Andy,","Collection materials in English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 0005","/repositories/2/resources/3"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Joe Brainard Archive, 1960-1992"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"creator_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"creators_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert"],"access_terms_ssm":["Publication Rights   Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        "],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition Information Not Available"],"access_subjects_ssim":["American poetry -- 20th Century","Gay men -- United States -- Biography","Gay men in art","Gay men -- United States -- Poetry","Gay's writings","Prose poems, American","Fiction","Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American poetry -- 20th Century","Gay men -- United States -- Biography","Gay men in art","Gay men -- United States -- Poetry","Gay's writings","Prose poems, American","Fiction","Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["32.20 Electronic file (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)","32.20 linear feet (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)"],"extent_tesim":["32.20 Electronic file (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)","32.20 linear feet (8 archives boxes,  59 art bin items and 88 oversize folders)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs -- 1964-1990.","Cartoons -- United States -- 20th Century","Lithographs -- 1960-1969.","Lithographs -- 1970-1979.","Collages -- 1960-1969.","Collages -- 1970-1979.","Oil paintings -- 1960-1969.","Oil paintings -- 1979-1979.","Watercolor drawings -- 1960-1969.","Watercolor drawings -- 1970-1979.","Lithographs -- 1960-1969 -- Color.","Made up genre"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eAccess\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access Collection is open for research.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eBiography\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nBorn in Arkansas in 1942 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Brainard moved to New York City in 1961.  There, he quickly developed friendships with Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, Bill Berkson, Barbara Guest, and other participants in the New York School.  The large number of collaborative works in the collection, as well as the many illustrations Brainard did for books by others,  reflect the sense of community shared by these artists.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nBrainard's achievement, however, is remarkable quite aside from his many associations.  Brainard harmonized linguistic and visual materials in extraordinary ways.  His graphic work is notably literary, often incorporating words and sentences into non-literary designs.  Such qualities prompted Frank O'Hara to say that Brainard's work had \"nothing to do with philosophy, it's all art.\"  Both the art work and writing is full of information and frequently takes erotic and semiotic risks.  In one of his more scandalous serial works, Brainard subjected Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy to every imaginable erotic and high art situation.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nA prolific artist, Brainard's work has been exhibited extensively in the New York City area since the early 1960s.  His first retrospective show, consisting of work from 1960-1970, took place at the Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago in 1970.  In the mid-1970s he created over 3,000 miniature collages, paintings, and drawings for a major show at the Fischbach Gallery in Manhattan.  The materials gathered in the Joe Brainard Archive were first exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art in 1980.  In 1986 they were again exhibited at UCSD.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nLike Joe Brainard, Alex Katz is a New York City artist.  He has given numerous solo shows since the early 1960s, and many of his works have been added to numerous public art collections throughout the country.  Unlike Brainard, Katz has created a depthless, planar art which strips the visual image of its narrative, literary aura.  The result, as one critic has noted, is an image of a reality that is of no consequence.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography \nBorn in Arkansas in 1942 and raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Brainard moved to New York City in 1961.  There, he quickly developed friendships with Frank O'Hara, James Schuyler, Bill Berkson, Barbara Guest, and other participants in the New York School.  The large number of collaborative works in the collection, as well as the many illustrations Brainard did for books by others,  reflect the sense of community shared by these artists.  \n \nBrainard's achievement, however, is remarkable quite aside from his many associations.  Brainard harmonized linguistic and visual materials in extraordinary ways.  His graphic work is notably literary, often incorporating words and sentences into non-literary designs.  Such qualities prompted Frank O'Hara to say that Brainard's work had \"nothing to do with philosophy, it's all art.\"  Both the art work and writing is full of information and frequently takes erotic and semiotic risks.  In one of his more scandalous serial works, Brainard subjected Ernie Bushmiller's Nancy to every imaginable erotic and high art situation.  \n \nA prolific artist, Brainard's work has been exhibited extensively in the New York City area since the early 1960s.  His first retrospective show, consisting of work from 1960-1970, took place at the Phyllis Kind Gallery in Chicago in 1970.  In the mid-1970s he created over 3,000 miniature collages, paintings, and drawings for a major show at the Fischbach Gallery in Manhattan.  The materials gathered in the Joe Brainard Archive were first exhibited at the Long Beach Museum of Art in 1980.  In 1986 they were again exhibited at UCSD.\n \nLike Joe Brainard, Alex Katz is a New York City artist.  He has given numerous solo shows since the early 1960s, and many of his works have been added to numerous public art collections throughout the country.  Unlike Brainard, Katz has created a depthless, planar art which strips the visual image of its narrative, literary aura.  The result, as one critic has noted, is an image of a reality that is of no consequence.  \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003eJoe Brainard Archive, MSS 0005. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\n        \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred Citation Joe Brainard Archive, MSS 0005. Mandeville Special Collections Library, UCSD.\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Content of Collection \nAccession Processed in 1987 \nThe Joe Brainard Archive contains approximately 300 examples of Brainard's art work as well as book and cover illustrations, manuscripts, and published writings, all dating from ca. 1960 to 1979.  Primarily a study collection, the importance of the Joe Brainard Archive is in documenting the wide range, topical as well as technical, of Joe Brainard's artistic production over a twenty year period, ca. 1960-1979.  The collection also includes several art works and many books by other notable artists and writers.  These materials have been arranged in five series:  1) ARTWORK, 2) MANUSCRIPTS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) CATALOGS, and 5) BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  \n \nSERIES 1: ARTWORK\n \nThis series comprises 161 pieces of Brainard's graphic art and another 20 pieces, most by Alex Katz.  Reflecting the many styles, dimensions, and media with which Brainard experimented during his career, these works include collages (including many of the miniatures Brainard constructed for a show of his in work in 1975), oil and watercolor abstractions, graphite portraits of several well known writers, original cover art for books by Ted Berrigan and John Ashbery, and the original art work for numerous \"comic strips\" done in collaboration with various writers.   \n \nSERIES 2: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series, arranged chronologically,  includes the notebooks and original manuscripts for nine books of writing by Brainard.  Several manuscripts by Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark, Philip Gambone, and Rudy Kikel are also included.  \n \nSERIES 3: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series consists primarily of letters from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts.  In addition, there are letters from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson to Brainard, and letters from Ron Padgett, John Giorno, Larry Fagin, and others to Robert Butts.\n \nSERIES 4: CATALOGS \n \nCatalogs for Brainard and Alex Katz exhibitions comprise the CATALOGS series.  Also included are numerous reviews of Katz's work.\n \nSERIES 5: BIBLIOGRAPHIES\n \nVarious checklists constructed by Robert Butts and documenting Brainard's production since 1961 are contained in series five, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.\n \nSEPARATION NOTE\n \nBooks and journals received in the 1984 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive have been separated from the collection and added elsewhere to the library's holdings.  To identify and list these items, conduct an author search in ROGER on the term \"Butts, Robert, former owner.\" \n \nAccessions Processed in 1991 \nThe accessions to the Joe Brainard Archive processed in 1991 contain originals of artwork by Joe Brainard for collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, and correspondence related to Robert Butts' projects.  The materials are arranged in four series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) ARTWORK, 3) MANUSCRIPTS, and 4) PHOTOGRAPHS.\n \nSERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE\n \nThe CORRESPONDENCE series includes letters from Bill Berkson to Robert Butts concerning publication of his book \"Serenade\" and correspondence from Joe Brainard.  The materials date between 1986 and 1987 and are organized alphabetically by correspondent.\n \nSERIES 2: ARTWORK\n \nThe ARTWORK series contains original drawings by Joe Brainard for three collaborative works with Bill Berkson and THE BABY BOOK with Kenward Elmslie.  Also included are original art by Brainard for miscellaneous poetry readings and flyers.  The materials are arranged alphabetically by title.\n \nSERIES 3: MANUSCRIPTS\n \nThe MANUSCRIPTS series contains photocopies of proofs for Bill Berkson's \"Cnidus, August 4th.\"\n \nSERIES 4: PHOTOGRAPHS\n \nAn excellent portrait of Joe Brainard by photographer Elizabeth Hathon is located in the PHOTOGRAPHS series.  Also included are color transparencies of an eight-piece exhibit entitled \"The Gang of Eight.\"\n \nAccession Processed in 1993 \nThe 1993 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts, most of which are birthday or holiday greetings.  Also included is a print by Andy Warhol."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePublication Rights\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e  Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Publication Rights   Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.\n        "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d0a02735e8e1b0bb0c234d65909c5da5\"\u003eMaterials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994).  Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media.  The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career.\nIn addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg.  There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch.\nThe accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965).  Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Materials collected by Robert Butts consisting primarily of diverse works by and regarding the popular New York artist and writer Joe Brainard (1942-1994).  Brainard was the author of fifteen books of writing, the illustrator of numerous other books produced by members of the New York School, and a celebrated graphic artist whose work covered a broad range of sizes, styles and media.  The Joe Brainard Archive consists of numerous examples of Brainard's graphic work dating from 1962 to 1979, most of the books illustrated by Brainard, all of Brainard's manuscripts and published writings, notebooks for Brainard's I REMEMBER series and several other books, Brainard's correspondence with members of the Butts family and correspondence to Brainard from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson, checklists of Brainard's artistic production constructed by Robert Butts, and a selection of articles devoted to Brainard's career.\nIn addition to the Brainard materials, the Joe Brainard Archive also includes several lithographs by Alex Katz (b. 1927), an oil painting by Tom Clark, and a few ink sketches by poets Ron Padgett and Allen Ginsberg.  There are also manuscripts of Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark and Rudy Kikel, in addition to broadsides and books written by New York School writers such as John Ashbery, Edwin Denby, and Kenneth Koch.\nThe accessions processed in 1991 contain primarily original artworks by Joe Brainard in collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, including THE BABY BOOK (1965).  Also included are correspondence, manuscript materials and photographs. The accession processed in 1993 comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts and one print by Andy Warhol."],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-","Warhol, Andy,"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-"],"persname_ssim":["Brainard, Joe, 1942-","Miller, Robert","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- Archives","Brainard, Joe, 1942- , -- correspondent","Berkson, Bill, -- correspondent","Thomson, Virgil, 1896- -- correspondent","Greenwald, Ted, -- correspondent","Fagin, Larry, -- correspondent","Padgett, Ron, -- correspondent","Brainard, Joe, 1942- -- artist","Clark, Tom, 1941- -- artist","Katz, Alex, 1927- -- artist","Padgett, Ron, -- artist","Berrigan, Ted","Kikel, Rudy, 1943-","Warhol, Andy,"],"language_ssim":["Collection materials in English"],"total_component_count_is":316,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:21.985Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Content of Collection\u003c/head\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAccession Processed in 1987\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe Joe Brainard Archive contains approximately 300 examples of Brainard's art work as well as book and cover illustrations, manuscripts, and published writings, all dating from ca. 1960 to 1979.  Primarily a study collection, the importance of the Joe Brainard Archive is in documenting the wide range, topical as well as technical, of Joe Brainard's artistic production over a twenty year period, ca. 1960-1979.  The collection also includes several art works and many books by other notable artists and writers.  These materials have been arranged in five series:  1) ARTWORK, 2) MANUSCRIPTS, 3) CORRESPONDENCE, 4) CATALOGS, and 5) BIBLIOGRAPHIES.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 1: ARTWORK\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThis series comprises 161 pieces of Brainard's graphic art and another 20 pieces, most by Alex Katz.  Reflecting the many styles, dimensions, and media with which Brainard experimented during his career, these works include collages (including many of the miniatures Brainard constructed for a show of his in work in 1975), oil and watercolor abstractions, graphite portraits of several well known writers, original cover art for books by Ted Berrigan and John Ashbery, and the original art work for numerous \"comic strips\" done in collaboration with various writers.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 2: MANUSCRIPTS\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe MANUSCRIPTS series, arranged chronologically,  includes the notebooks and original manuscripts for nine books of writing by Brainard.  Several manuscripts by Ted Berrigan, Tom Clark, Philip Gambone, and Rudy Kikel are also included.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 3: CORRESPONDENCE\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe CORRESPONDENCE series consists primarily of letters from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts.  In addition, there are letters from Ned Rorem and Virgil Thompson to Brainard, and letters from Ron Padgett, John Giorno, Larry Fagin, and others to Robert Butts.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 4: CATALOGS \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nCatalogs for Brainard and Alex Katz exhibitions comprise the CATALOGS series.  Also included are numerous reviews of Katz's work.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 5: BIBLIOGRAPHIES\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nVarious checklists constructed by Robert Butts and documenting Brainard's production since 1961 are contained in series five, BIBLIOGRAPHIES.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSEPARATION NOTE\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nBooks and journals received in the 1984 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive have been separated from the collection and added elsewhere to the library's holdings.  To identify and list these items, conduct an author search in ROGER on the term \"Butts, Robert, former owner.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAccessions Processed in 1991\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe accessions to the Joe Brainard Archive processed in 1991 contain originals of artwork by Joe Brainard for collaborations with Bill Berkson and Kenward Elmslie, and correspondence related to Robert Butts' projects.  The materials are arranged in four series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) ARTWORK, 3) MANUSCRIPTS, and 4) PHOTOGRAPHS.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 1: CORRESPONDENCE\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe CORRESPONDENCE series includes letters from Bill Berkson to Robert Butts concerning publication of his book \"Serenade\" and correspondence from Joe Brainard.  The materials date between 1986 and 1987 and are organized alphabetically by correspondent.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 2: ARTWORK\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe ARTWORK series contains original drawings by Joe Brainard for three collaborative works with Bill Berkson and THE BABY BOOK with Kenward Elmslie.  Also included are original art by Brainard for miscellaneous poetry readings and flyers.  The materials are arranged alphabetically by title.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 3: MANUSCRIPTS\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe MANUSCRIPTS series contains photocopies of proofs for Bill Berkson's \"Cnidus, August 4th.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nSERIES 4: PHOTOGRAPHS\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAn excellent portrait of Joe Brainard by photographer Elizabeth Hathon is located in the PHOTOGRAPHS series.  Also included are color transparencies of an eight-piece exhibit entitled \"The Gang of Eight.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nAccession Processed in 1993\u003c/p\u003e\n         \u003cp\u003e\nThe 1993 accession of the Joe Brainard Archive comprises 16 letters and postcards from Joe Brainard to Robert Butts, most of which are birthday or holiday greetings.  Also included is a print by Andy Warhol.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/af02cfc7b437f7c9018c42d9"}},{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref64","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University of California, San Diego Scientific Data Management Collaboration. Year 1 Progress Report, May 5, 2006","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref64#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref64","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref64","aspace_ref64"],"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref64","title_filing_ssi":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University of California, San Diego Scientific Data Management Collaboration. Year 1 Progress Report","title_ssm":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University of California, San Diego Scientific Data Management Collaboration. Year 1 Progress Report"],"title_tesim":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University of California, San Diego Scientific Data Management Collaboration. 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Year 1 Progress Report, May 5, 2006","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","Status reports","/repositories/2/archival_objects/582"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ids_ssim":["fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref11","fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref51","fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref63"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","Status reports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","Status reports"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File","File","File"],"unitid_ssm":["/repositories/2/archival_objects/582"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 Electronic file","1.0 Electronic file"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 Electronic file","1.0 Electronic file"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":37,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access\n            This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["License\n            This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University of California, San Diego Scientific Data Management Collaboration. Year 1 Progress Report\",\"href\":\"ark:/13030/c8pg1scc\"}"],"date_range_isim":[2006],"_nest_path_":"/components#30/components#0/components#2/components#1","_nest_parent_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref63","_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","title_filing_ssi":"Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files","title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files"],"title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files"],"ead_ssi":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","unitdate_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007","2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007","2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"text":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data","Access This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu","Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.","Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063","Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.","Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields","Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).","Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.",""],"unitid_tesim":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creators_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Immediate Source of Acquisition note Rick Wagner, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"extent_tesim":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"genreform_ssim":["Research data"],"date_range_isim":[2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eAccess\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eArrangement note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReferenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSkillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Use References"],"bibliography_tesim":["Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Project Background"],"bioghist_tesim":["Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eRick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred Citation Rick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProcessing Information note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThese snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRights\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eLicense\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Rights","License"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego."],"persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"language_ssim":[""],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":39,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProject Background\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\n                \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLUScID\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eDuring the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eFuture progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies\u0026#x2014;a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eIn order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003cchronlist\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n            \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n            \u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eBrian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eGeoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBrian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGeoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eRick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref64"}},{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref49","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University opf Calfornia, San Diego Scientific Data Management, January 14, 2005","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref49#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe initial funding proposal for a collaboration between the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) for the application of advanced scientific data management technologies to improve the conduct of a science through the provision of scientific data management technology that enables the organization, manipulation, and analysis of observational and simulation data. (Downloaded on February 12, 2012).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref49#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref49","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref49","aspace_ref49"],"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref49","title_filing_ssi":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University opf Calfornia, San Diego Scientific Data Management","title_ssm":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University opf Calfornia, San Diego Scientific Data Management"],"title_tesim":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University opf Calfornia, San Diego Scientific Data Management"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["January 14, 2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["January 14, 2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University opf Calfornia, San Diego Scientific Data Management, January 14, 2005"],"text":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University opf Calfornia, San Diego Scientific Data Management, January 14, 2005","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Historical documents","LLNL-UCSD Scientific Data Management","/repositories/2/archival_objects/576","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.","Norman, Michael L.","Scope and Contents note The initial funding proposal for a collaboration between the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) for the application of advanced scientific data management technologies to improve the conduct of a science through the provision of scientific data management technology that enables the organization, manipulation, and analysis of observational and simulation data. 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Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["License\n            This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - University of California, San Diego Scientific Data Management\",\"href\":\"ark:/13030/c8t43tr8\"}"],"date_range_isim":[2005],"names_ssim":["Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.","Norman, Michael L."],"corpname_ssim":["Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego."],"persname_ssim":["Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.","Norman, Michael L."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n                            \u003cp\u003eThe initial funding proposal for a collaboration between the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) for the application of advanced scientific data management technologies to improve the conduct of a science through the provision of scientific data management technology that enables the organization, manipulation, and analysis of observational and simulation data. (Downloaded on February 12, 2012).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents note The initial funding proposal for a collaboration between the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) for the application of advanced scientific data management technologies to improve the conduct of a science through the provision of scientific data management technology that enables the organization, manipulation, and analysis of observational and simulation data. (Downloaded on February 12, 2012)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#30/components#0/components#0","_nest_parent_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref51","_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","title_filing_ssi":"Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files","title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files"],"title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files"],"ead_ssi":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","unitdate_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007","2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007","2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"text":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5","Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007","Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data","Access This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu","Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.","Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063","Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.","Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields","Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).","Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W.",""],"unitid_tesim":["RCIDC.0001","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"normalized_date_ssm":["Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files, Bulk, 2005-2007, 2005-2012, Bulk 2005-2007"],"repository_ssm":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"repository_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"creator_ssm":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"creators_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Immediate Source of Acquisition note Rick Wagner, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cosmic background radiation","Cosmology","Cosmology--Observations","Galaxies--Clusters","Hydrodynamics","Research-Data processing","Research data"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"extent_tesim":["683.0 Gigabytes","39 Electronic file","683.0 Gigabyte(s) 39 digital objects collectively containing 1,797 digital files of various types."],"genreform_ssim":["Research data"],"date_range_isim":[2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eAccess\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access This data set is available for use by the general research community, via UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. Inquiries about using the dataset may be directed to rci-ref@ucsd.edu"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eArrangement note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arrangement note The data set is arranged into 31 components: 1: Data processing tools; 2: Initital conditions for simulation; 3-30: Data at redshift=3.0 to Data at redshift=0.0, and 31: Historical documents."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReferenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick.\u003ctitle\u003e\"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\" \u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"\u003c/title\u003e eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSkillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.\u003ctitle\u003e\"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\"\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Astrophysical Journal\u003c/title\u003e, Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Use References"],"bibliography_tesim":["Referenced below are articles and other publications identified at the end of 2011 as having used the data generated by Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project.","Hallman, Eric J.; Skillman, Samuel W.; Jeltema, Tesla E.; Smith, Britton D.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 725, Issue 1: 1053-1068 (Dec. 2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1053; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/725/1/1053.","Hallman, Eric J.;O'Shea, Brian W.; Burns, Jack O.; Norman, Michael L.; and Harkness, Robert; Wagner, Rick. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , V. 671, Issue 1: 27-39 (12/2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522912; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...671...27H","Hallman, Eric J.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Smith, Britton D.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L.  \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the Whim with SZE Surveys.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 698, Issue 2: 1795-1802 (2009): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1795; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/698/2.","Lemze, Doron; Rephaeli, Yoel; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Wagner, Rick; and Norman, Mike L. \"Quantifying the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter and Galaxies in A1689.\"  The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 728, Issue 1, article id 40 (2011): http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/40; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/728/1/40.","Lemze, Doron; Wagner, Rick; Rephaeli, Yoel; Sadeh, Sharon; Norman, Michael L.; Barkana, Rennan; Broadhurst, Tom; Ford, Holland; and Postman, Marc. \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters.\"  eprint arXiv:1106.6048 (June 2011).","Skillman, Samuel W.; O'Shea, Brian W.; Hallman, Eric J.; Burns, Jack O.; and Norman, Michael L. \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays.\" The Astrophysical Journal , Vol. 689, Issue 2: 1063-1077 (Dec. 2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592496; http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/689/2/1063"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Project Background"],"bioghist_tesim":["Project Background The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation. LUScID During the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized. Future progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies—a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies. In order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers. ENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator. The specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold: use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications. Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\" Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student","use the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism; improve the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes; generate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.","Key project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication) January 2005 LUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted January 2006 The LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone. April 2007 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\" January 2008 A second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing. June 2008 Submission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\" March 2009 Submission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\" August 2010 Submission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\" October 2010 Submission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\" June 2011 Submission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"","Key Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions Michael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator Jack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator Eric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow James Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Robert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer Brian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Geoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student Rick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003ePreferred Citation\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eRick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred Citation Rick Wagner, Eric J. Hallman, Brian W. O'Shea, Jack O. Burns, Michael L. Norman, Robert Harkness, and Geoffrey So. \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation research project files.\" UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure Data Curation. (Data version 1.0, published 2013; http://dx.doi.org/10.6075/W7154F0Q)"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProcessing Information note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing Information note The project lead collected, on the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, all data generated by the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project deemed essential to representing the simulation project and facilitating re-use of the data. Data files were categorized and arranged to represent each snapshot (Data at redshift) comprising the simulation. The files for each snapshot include files specifying the parameters for each snapshot, binary data files constituting the results of applying the parameters, and derived data products generated from processing of the results. Files deemed irrelevant to representation of the project and / or use of the data were removed from the data set. In addition to data files, scripts necessary for processing the data were added to the collection, as were products generated using the scripts. The former are included in the component labeled \"Data Processing Tools, \" whereas the latter are typically included in a sub-component labeled \"Derived Products\" for each of the primary \"Data at redshift\" components. Finally, a variety of project files, primarily proposals and project status reports, have been incorporated and are listed in the component labeled \"Historical documents.\" The Santa Fe Light Cone simulation files were then transferred from the SDSC server to the Research Data Curation data storage space. The transfer of all files were monitored for accuracy. The entire collection was arranged into thirty-one components and described completely using the Archivists' Toolkit application. Component and sub-component descriptions were linked to digital object records composed in the AT and containing links to the files constituting the data set, or snapshot. The AT description was used to generate an Encoded Archival Description (EAD) document for the complete set of files for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project data set and a METS document for each primary component. The EAD is to be uploaded to the Online Archive of California (OAC), whereas the METS records and the digital content files they reference are to be uploaded to the UC San Diego Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). A researcher will thus be enabled to access the data files either through the OAC or the UCSD DAMS. Finally, all files and descriptive records for the simulation project are to be deposted in the Chronopolis digital preservation network for long-term preservation management."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThese snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e* RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents note The project files consists of data in three broad categories: the simulation data (\"Data at Redshift\" components); analysis tools and example scripts (Data Processing Tools) for processing the data; and project administration and background documents (Historical Documents) related to the project. All these materials were created between 2005 and 2012, beginning with a proposal for the LUSciD Project, continuing on to the simulation data, and ending with the recent analysis tools. The historical documents are proposals and progress reports that were part of grants or requests for computational resources supporting the research. The component for analysis tools and example scripts contains the source code to yt (http://yt-project.org/), which was used to produce the example data analysis results. The results are a combination of structured text, binary files, and images. The historical documents and analysis tools are described in greater detail in their component descriptions. The scientific motivations for the light cone simulation are described in the Project Background. Here we describe how the simulation data was generated. The simulation was the final in a group of simulations, with each one designed to meet certain requirements, such as resolution. Earlier simulations tied to the LUsciD Project were performed on Thunder, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory cluster. This calculation for the Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation was a demonstration of the software's ability to perform adaptive refinement throughout the volume, and as a result, was run on the San Diego Supercomputer Center's DataStar system and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Altix, Cobalt. The simulation was initialized at high redshift, assuming a standard cosmological model incorporating dark energy and cold dark matter. The physical volume represented was a periodic cube 512 comoving megaparsecs on a side. The simulation was evolved to the present day, using models for gravity and adiabatic gas dynamics. At specific points, snapshots of the simulation were saved, and a representative subset of those are contained in this collection. These snapshots are organized by time (or, equivalently, redshift) at the top level, and named from RD0009 to RD0036; lower numbers (e.g., RD0009) represent earlier times in the universe's evolution, while higher numbers are later times and ones closer to the present day. Each snapshot has an archive (tar) file of the original data, a checksum of the archive, and text files of the parameters, grid hierarchy, and boundary conditions. The parameter, hierarchy, and boundary files are also in the archive file, but are available separately for convenience in a component named \"Parameters.\" The contents of each project component labeled RD00## are the same: * RD00## (parameters, ASCII): All of the simulation parameters are listed in these files as key-value pairs, using a \"key = value\" format. The input parameter are identical across all parameter files, while variables such as the current time, or redshift, change. * RD00##.hierarchy (grid metadata, ASCII): A list of the grid data structures, their spatial position, file names, and numerical size. * RD00##.cpu0XXX (physical data, HDF5): These files hold the physical fields (density, velocity, etc.) for each grid. * RD00##.boundary (boundary conditions, ASCII): Boundary metadata. * RD00##.boundary.hdf (boundary conditions, HDF5): Boundary data for necessary fields"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRights\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eLicense\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Rights","License"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights The information contained in this set of research project files is the property of its creators and the Regents of the University of California. Some or all of the materials in the project files may be protected by copyright law. Use of this work beyond that allowed by \"fair use\" requires the written permission of the copyright holders(s). Responsibility for obtaining permissions and any use and distribution of this work rests exclusively with the user and not the UC San Diego Library. Inquiries can be made to the UC San Diego Library unit having custodial responsibility for the work (http://rci.ucsd.edu).","License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Wagner, Rick, 1972-"],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego.","Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theoretical Astrophysics Group T-6..","San Diego Supercomputer Center.","University of California, San Diego.. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.","University of Colorado (System). Dept. of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences. Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.","Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.","University of California, San Diego."],"persname_ssim":["Burns, Jack O.","Hallman, Eric J.","Harkness, Robert","Norman, Michael L.","O'Shea, Brian W.,  (Brian William), 1978-","So, Geoffrey","Wagner, Rick, 1972-","Barnett, Tim","Moore, Reagan W."],"language_ssim":[""],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":39,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:12:15.474Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eProject Background\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation project was the result of an ongoing effort by the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, beginning with the LUScID Project in 2005. This led to the development of the ENZO simulation software to the point where it was able to complete a seven-level adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmology simulation.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\n                \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLUScID\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eDuring the 1990s, observational cosmology became \"big science,\" involving expensive instruments (e.g., the Hubble Space Telescope) and large teams (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [SDSS]) attacking fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of the universe. Progress was astonishing and included the discovery of the accelerating universe (Riess et al. 1998, Perlmutter et al. 1999); precision measurements of the global geometry, age, and composition of the universe (de Bernardis et al. 2000); and deep images of galaxies at the dawn of time (Beckwith et al. 2004). These and other observations have narrowed the range of acceptable theoretical models for cosmological structure formation to a single model called the concordance model (Bahcall et al. 1999), for which free parameters are now known to high precision (Spergel et al. 2003). Cosmology thus finds itself in a place not unlike particle physics, where the goal going forward is to refine and test the standard model with yet higher precision measurements. Fundamental science questions driving the field include the nature of dark energy and dark matter, the formation and evolution of galaxies and quasars, and how and when the intergalactic medium was re-ionized.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eFuture progress requires ambitious observational surveys of the universe of unprecedented depth and breadth. The SDSS is collecting megabytes of data per galaxy on nearly 1 million galaxies distributed throughout a volume of space many billions of light years on a side. Currently over 2 TB of data has been collected and archived. This number is expected to grow to 5 TB by project's end. Several similarly sized surveys are underway, and much larger ones are planned. In particular, the Large aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope [LSST] will collect 15 TB of image data every night for a year, amassing a collection of tens of petabytes over several years. The LSST will produce an object catalog of a billion galaxies\u0026#x2014;a thousand-fold increase over the SDSS. Coping with this \"data flood\" requires advanced scientific data management technologies.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eIn order to maximize the science return, results from massive surveys need to be compared to the detailed predictions of the concordance model. These take the form of massive cosmological simulations of the formation of galaxies and large scale structure. Just as Moore's Law is the force behind the data explosion in astronomy, it has also enabled numerical simulations of unprecedented size and complexity on massively parallel supercomputers.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eENZO is a parallel cosmology application developed at the Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics (LCA) at UCSD, directed by Michael Norman. ENZO solves the equations of dark matter dynamics, multi-species hydrodynamics, non-equilibrium chemical and ionization kinetics, and self-gravity in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy. Parameterized models of star formation and feedback effects allow the simulation of the formation and evolution of galaxies on cosmic length scales and time scales. The state-of-the art is shown in Fig. 1. The simulation shown in the left panel evolves a concordance model with 1 billion Lagrangian dark matter particles and the equations of Eulerian hydrodynamics and self-gravity on a uniform grid of 1 billion (1024^3) cells. The calculation was done on 512 processors of SDSC's IBM Blue Horizon computer, and produced 10TB of raw data and 6 TB of derived data. This calculation serves as a survey volume for follow-on adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations which resolve the galaxies' internal structure. At right is shown an old AMR simulation of galaxy formation done at NCSA in 1998. Due to computer power and data handling limitations at the time, only 1/64 of the survey volume (2563 base grid) could be simulated at high resolution. Now, with more powerful parallel computers and data management technologies, we can in principle simulate the entire volume at high spatial resolution. Making that a practical reality is the overarching goal of the cosmology simulation data grid project, which we shall henceforth refer to as the Cosmic Simulator.\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003eThe specific goals of the Cosmic Simulator project are threefold:\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            \u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003cchronlist\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n                \u003cchronitem\u003e\n                    \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n                    \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n                \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n            \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n            \u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n                \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eBrian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eGeoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n                \u003citem\u003eRick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003euse the LLNL-SDSC-UCSD data grid to be deployed to enable cosmological simulations of unprecedented size and physical realism;\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eimprove the physical realism of cosmological modeling through the inclusion of radiation transfer on adaptive meshes;\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003egenerate simulated sky maps and galaxy catalogs using automated processing pipelines for LSST applications.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eKey project events (including requests for computer support and the submission of manuscripts for publication)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2005\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eLUSciD (LLNL UCSD Scientific Data Management) proposal submitted\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2006\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eThe LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is submitted by Michael Norman, requesting time to run the low redshift tiles of the Santa Fe Light Cone.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eApril 2007\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project. I. Confusion and the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJanuary 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eA second LRAC (Large Resource Allocations Committee) proposal is describing planned analysis of the simulation in the area of weak gravitational lensing.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJune 2008\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eMarch 2009\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: II. The Prospects for Direct Detection of the WHIM with SZE Surveys\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eAugust 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Quantifying the collisionless nature of dark matter and galaxies in A1689\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eOctober 2010\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"The Properties of X-ray Cold Fronts in a Statistical Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003eJune 2011\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSubmission of \"Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eKey Personnel (including institutional affiliations and project positions\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMichael L. Norman, University of California, San Diego, Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJack O. Burns, University of Colorado Boulder, Co-Principal Investigator\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEric J. Hallman, University of Colorado Boulder, Postdoctoral Fellow\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eJames Bordner, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eRobert Harkness, University of California, San Diego, Scientist and Programmer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBrian W. O'Shea, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGeoffrey So, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eRick Wagner, University of California, San Diego, Graduate Student\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"]}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/fbd0c7fbf3276395f8940a8e_aspace_ref49"}},{"id":"86ff9596a528867dece812cf_aspace_5c8e8c692f12b3f736d0ea0bafe82550","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Leashed Callie, 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pets."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1b54c2648f884e6ba9f7292ea084dd4c\"\u003eLYR CATS\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["LYR CATS"],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"corpname_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"86ff9596a528867dece812cf","timestamp":"2026-04-04T01:11:58.173Z"}]}}],"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/86ff9596a528867dece812cf_aspace_5c8e8c692f12b3f736d0ea0bafe82550"}},{"id":"77c0a9926883bc9b66de078e_aspace_ref22","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letters, 1849","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight.lyrasistechnology.org/catalog/77c0a9926883bc9b66de078e_aspace_ref22#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":[{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref22","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref22","aspace_ref22"],"id":"77c0a9926883bc9b66de078e_aspace_ref22","title_filing_ssi":"Letters","title_ssm":["Letters"],"title_tesim":["Letters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters, 1849"],"text":["Letters, 1849","Wayward Family papers, 1847-1963","Sara Wayward Lewis journal and letters, 1849","/repositories/2/archival_objects/10","Wayward, Asa Wellspring, d. 1863","Box 1","Folder 22-24"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ids_ssim":["77c0a9926883bc9b66de078e","77c0a9926883bc9b66de078e_aspace_ref17"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wayward Family papers, 1847-1963","Sara Wayward Lewis journal and letters, 1849"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wayward Family papers, 1847-1963","Sara Wayward Lewis journal and letters, 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Smithie died of mysterious causes in\n        Boston in 1975, at which time the remaining Wayward family material came into the possession\n        of his sister, Elspeth Smithie Bourgeois, an alumna of Carpe Diem University, who donated\n        the collection in 1986.","Processing Information note The collection was inventoried upon accession in 1986, but languished in the Your Name Here\n        Special Collections unprocessed backlog until 2006, when an intern from the Simmons College\n        graduate program processed it. This was done as part of a concerted effort to provide access\n        to the backlog. The 19th century material was refoldered and standard preservation measures\n        were taken. Since several of the letters were deteriorating, all were placed in mylar\n        sleeves to facilitate future use by researchers without further damaging them. 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Significant family members represented in the collection include Asa Wellspring Wayward,\n        Sarah Wayward Lewis, Grover Allen Wayward, and Theresa Wayward Auchincloss, the creator of\n        the collection."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eCustodial History note\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWhen Theresa Auchincloss died in 1963, the collection was bequeathed to her grandson George\n        Van Buskirk Smithie. Smithie, at the time interested in his family's distinguished history,\n        found himself in dire financial straints by the mid-1960s and apparently sold some of the\n        earliest materials in the collection to a private collector. Some of this material may\n        constitute a 1991 donation of early Wayward family material to the Pittsfield Athenaeum, but\n        the provenance of that material is unclear. The whereabouts of other material sold by\n        Smithie, if there was addiitonal materials, is unknown. Smithie died of mysterious causes in\n        Boston in 1975, at which time the remaining Wayward family material came into the possession\n        of his sister, Elspeth Smithie Bourgeois, an alumna of Carpe Diem University, who donated\n        the collection in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History note"],"custodhist_tesim":["Custodial History note When Theresa Auchincloss died in 1963, the collection was bequeathed to her grandson George\n        Van Buskirk Smithie. Smithie, at the time interested in his family's distinguished history,\n        found himself in dire financial straints by the mid-1960s and apparently sold some of the\n        earliest materials in the collection to a private collector. Some of this material may\n        constitute a 1991 donation of early Wayward family material to the Pittsfield Athenaeum, but\n        the provenance of that material is unclear. 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Since several of the letters were deteriorating, all were placed in mylar\n        sleeves to facilitate future use by researchers without further damaging them. The remainder\n        of the collection was processed according to the repository's basic-level processing\n        guidelines: materials were refoldered only when original folders were deteriorating,\n        arrangement work within individual folders was not done, and fasteners were removed only if\n        visibly rusting. Everything was then arranged alphabetically by type of material."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eRelated Archival Materials note\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOther additional Wayward family papers are in the custody of the Pittsfield Athenaeum.\n        Those materials may have been part of the collection housed in YNHSC at one time but were\n        possibly sold to the Pittsfield Athenaeum in the mid-1960s by George VAn Buskirk Smithie, a\n        prior owner of the Wayward family papers now in the custody of Carpe Diem University.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials note"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related Archival Materials note Other additional Wayward family papers are in the custody of the Pittsfield Athenaeum.\n        Those materials may have been part of the collection housed in YNHSC at one time but were\n        possibly sold to the Pittsfield Athenaeum in the mid-1960s by George VAn Buskirk Smithie, a\n        prior owner of the Wayward family papers now in the custody of Carpe Diem University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eScope and Contents note\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe Wayward family papers includes material from several Wayward descedents living in the\n        19th and 20th centuries, and was collected by variou family members. 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See the scope and content note for each series for more details about the collection\n        contents."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003chead\u003eIP Rights\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIntellectual property rights have not been transferred to YNHSC; however, the IP rights for\n        a many of the collection materials have expired and passed to the public domain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["IP Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["IP Rights Intellectual property rights have not been transferred to YNHSC; however, the IP rights for\n        a many of the collection materials have expired and passed to the public domain."],"names_ssim":["Lyrasis Special Collections","United States. 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